Condition 1: type 2 diabetes. Condition 2: hypertension. Condition 3: cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus Essential (primary) hypertension Chronic ischemic heart disease
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Elderly participants in this group will attend six educational sessions (45 minutes each, once a week) held at the comprehensive health service centers in Gonabad.
Sponsors
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
60 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Informed consent to participate in the study age 60 years and older concurrent diagnosis of two or three conditions including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease and heart failure), and hypertension ability to communicate at least six months since the onset of chronic diseases no cognitive or functional impairment in the elderly (based on the AMT criteria)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Simultaneous participation in other educational interventions or similar research studies that may interfere with study outcomes Presence of severe psychiatric disorders (such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) that hinder participation in educational sessions Severe physical disability (such as total deafness or blindness) preventing attendance or comprehension of educational content Diagnosis of acute or progressive disabling diseases (such as metastatic cancer)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Primary Outcome Variable 1: Score of the Elderly Self-Management Questionnaire (pre- and post-intervention). Timepoint: T0 (Baseline): Before the start of the intervention; completion of demographic/disease forms, AMT, self-management, and LIPAD QoL questionnaires.T1 (Post-intervention): Immediately after completion of the six weekly sessions (~week 6); the same instruments repeated in both groups (intervention and control). Method of measurement: Measurement of Primary Outcome Variable 1 — Self-management:Instrument: Self-Management Ability Scale for the Elderly consisting of thirty items. Items are scored on a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree; agree; neutral; disagree; strongly disagree). Total score ranges from thirty to one hundred fifty; higher scores indicate better self-management ability. Reliability and validity: Cronbach’s alpha reported in original studies is 0.91, and Iranian studies reported Cronbach’s alpha values around 0.80 and 0.86. Administration: The questionnaire will be completed by interview or self-report at specified time points (baseline and immediately post-intervention). Administration: The questionnaire will be completed by interview or self-report at baseline and immediately after the intervention.Supplementary instrument — Cognitive screening to exclude participants with cognitive impairment:Instrument: Abbreviated Mental Test consisting of ten brief questions assessing orientation, attention, and memory. Administration time is approximately three minutes; total score ranges from zero to ten with cutoffs: 0–3 severe cognitive impairment, 4–6 moderate cognitive impairment, 7–10 normal cognitive status. Reported reliability in Iranian studies ranges from 0.88 to 0.91, and another study reported Cronbach’s alpha of 0.76. Administration: The test will be interviewer-administered at baseline to screen out participants with cognitive impairment.Operational details and data recording method:All instruments will be administered by the re | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public Contactmohammad javad samadi
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed