Attachment after birth, breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: In addition to receiving routine postpartum care, the intervention group will participate in an 8-session individual midwifery counseling program based on self-comp
Sponsors
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Delivery of a full-term infant (gestational age =37 weeks) with apparently normal health status Primiparous women Singleton pregnancy Ability to understand and speak Persian Emergency (non-elective) cesarean section Signed written informed consent to participate in the study Positive response to at least two items on the Taghizadeh Childbirth Trauma Questionnaire based on DSM-V-TR criteria
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of diagnosed psychiatric disorders Use of psychiatric medications prior to study entry History of infertility or repeated miscarriage despite the desire to maintain pregnancy Addiction to cigarettes, narcotics, or alcohol prior to or during pregnancy Presence of known breast anomalies prior to enrollment Pre-existing medical contraindications to breastfeeding in either the mother or the infant
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Postnatal attachment score measured by the Condon and Corkindale Postnatal Attachment Questionnaire. Timepoint: At baseline (prior to the intervention), immediately after the intervention, and one month after the intervention. Method of measurement: The Postnatal Attachment Questionnaire by Condon and Corkindale (1988), including 19 items and three subscales (quality of attachment, absence of hostility, and pleasure in interaction). The items are scored on a Likert scale, with a total score range of 19 to 95. Higher scores indicate stronger maternal attachment. The tool has demonstrated good validity and reliability in Iranian studies.;Breastfeeding self-efficacy score measured by the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (BSES-SF). Timepoint: At baseline (prior to the intervention), immediately after the intervention, and one month after the intervention. Method of measurement: The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale - Short Form (BSES-SF) developed by Dennis in 2003, including 13 positively phrased items rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all confident to 5 = always confident). Total scores range from 13 to 65, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy in breastfeeding. The tool has shown strong content, face, and construct validity and high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91) in Iranian studies. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactSajedeh Yeganeh
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed