Psychosocial Adjustment Problems in Children (Low Self-Esteem and Resilience).
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention Group: Children in the intervention group receive creativity-based play therapy for 8 weeks, consisting of two 60-minute sessions per week. The intervention includes activ
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
8 Years to 10 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Girls aged 8 to 10 years studying in primary schools of TehranWritten informed consent provided by parents for child participationNo severe psychological disorders such as autism or major depressionAbility to attend creativity-based play therapy sessions regularlyNormal cognitive and emotional development based on school reportNo history of receiving similar psychological interventions in the past six months
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Presence of severe psychological disorders such as autism, schizophrenia or major depression 2. History of attending psychotherapy or similar play therapy sessions during the past six months 3. Inability to understand instructions or cooperate with the therapist 4. Lack of written parental consent for child’s participation in the research 5. Chronic physical illness preventing attendance such as epilepsy or severe cardiac conditions 6. School report indicating problematic behaviors such as severe aggression or social isolation 7. Ongoing critical or unstable family conditions at the time of study initiation 8. Use of psychiatric medications affecting cognitive or emotional performance
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Resilience score in children aged 8 to 10 years, including stress coping ability, flexibility, and emotional stability, measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale at pre-test and post-test stages. Timepoint: Measurement at two time points: before the intervention (Week 0) and after the completion of play therapy sessions (Week 8). Method of measurement: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, consisting of 25 items rated on a five-point Likert scale. The Persian version has been validated by Salehi and Hosseini in Iran.;Total self-esteem score in children aged 8 to 10 years, including general, social, academic, and family dimensions, measured using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (Child Form) at pre-test and post-test stages. Timepoint: Measurement at two time points: before the intervention (Week 0) and after the completion of play therapy sessions (Week 8). Method of measurement: The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (Child Form), consisting of 58 items across four dimensions: general, social, academic, and family self-esteem. The Persian version has been validated by Sharifi and colleagues in Iran. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Self-esteem, as one of the secondary outcome variables, refers to the level of value and respect a child has for themselves. This variable indicates a positive self-concept and sense of worthiness in children, which is enhanced through creativity-based play therapy. Timepoint: Measurement of self-esteem is conducted at two time points: before the start of the intervention (pre-test) and after the completion of the intervention (post-test). Method of measurement: Self-esteem is measured using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory for Children. This questionnaire consists of items completed through self-reporting by children to assess their level of self-esteem.;Resilience, as one of the secondary outcome variables, refers to a child’s ability to adapt to challenging conditions, manage stress, and return to psychological equilibrium after facing difficulties. This variable is enhanced through creativity-based play therapy. Timepoint: Measurement of resilience is conducted at two time points: before the start of the intervention (pre-test) and after the completion of the intervention (post-test). Method of measurement: Resilience is measured using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale for Children. This scale consists of items completed through self-reporting by children to assess their ability to cope with challenges. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactBehnaz Baghdadi
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed