Epilepsy. Epilepsy and recurrent seizures
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: The intervention group received a structured problem-solving coping skills training program designed to support family caregivers of patients with epilepsy in manag
Sponsors
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: First-degree or second-degree relative of a patient with epilepsy At least 6 months of caregiving experience Ability to read and write Access to a smartphone and social networks Age above 18 years Ability to use a VPN to access WhatsApp
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Caregivers who are not available at the time of enrollment Caregivers with a known serious psychiatric or physical illness Caregivers who are unable to give informed consent Caregivers experiencing a major stressful life event shortly before enrollment Caregivers with a history of non-adherence in similar studies Any condition that, in the opinion of the research team, makes participation unsafe or unfeasible
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Caregiver burden measured by the Novak & Guest Caregiver Burden Inventory. This is a primary outcome variable. Timepoint: Before intervention (baseline), and 4 weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: Caregiver burden will be quantified using the Novak & Guest Caregiver Burden Inventory, a standardized questionnaire assessing multiple burden dimensions (time-dependence, developmental, physical, social, emotional). Scores will be computed according to the instrument manual.;State anxiety of caregivers measured by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (state subscale). This is a primary outcome variable. Timepoint: Before intervention (baseline), and 4 weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: State anxiety will be measured using the state subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), a validated self-report instrument. Scores are calculated per the STAI manual.;Trait anxiety of caregivers measured by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (trait subscale). This is a primary outcome variable. Timepoint: Before intervention (baseline), and 4 weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: Trait anxiety will be measured using the trait subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T). Scores are calculated according to the STAI manual. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactSepideh Beyrami
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed