Patellofemoral pain. Patellofemoral disorders
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention Group: Diaphragmatic Myofascial Release and Exercise Therapy. Participants in the intervention group received diaphragmatic myofascial release combined with therapeutic ex
Sponsors
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Diagnosis of unilateral PFP by a qualified physician or physiotherapist Females between ?? and ?? years Presence of anterior or retro patellar knee pain during at least two of the following activities: squatting, kneeling, ascending/descending stairs, prolonged sitting with flexed knee, running, jumping pain on palpation of the medial or lateral patellar facet, or the anterior aspect of the medial or lateral femoral condyle. Duration of symptoms for more than ? weeks Pain intensity of =? on the NRS (numerical rating scale) during the week before assessment scoring less than ?? out of ??? on the Kujala anterior knee pain scale (AKPS) positive patellar apprehension test (sensitivity: ??.?%, specificity: ??.?%) Willingness to participate and provide informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of knee surgery, trauma, or patellar dislocation Evidence of other knee pathologies (e.g., meniscal tear, ligament injury, or osteoarthritis) Active inflammatory conditions affecting the lower limb Neurological, systemic musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes respectively) History of fracture, dislocation or surgery of lower limb or any condition affecting gait Marked structural deformity and known pathological condition of back, hip, and ankle Respiratory disorders that could influence diaphragm function (e.g., COPD, asthma) Cardiovascular disorders metabolic disorders Professional athlete (an individual who regularly participates in a specific sport at least three times per week for a minimum of two hours) Participation in other physiotherapy treatments or structured exercise programs in the past ? months Pregnancy the patient should not be in the menstrual phase at the time of assessment Body Mass Index (BMI) > ??
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain intensity. Timepoint: Before intervention; One day after intervention period. Method of measurement: Numerical pain rating scale.;Physical function. Timepoint: Before intervention; One day after intervention period. Method of measurement: The Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale (KANPS).;Dynamic balance. Timepoint: Before intervention; One day after intervention period. Method of measurement: Modified star excursion test. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactFarzaneh Haghighat
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed