Multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Oral health education using WhatsApp Delivery method: Online education via the WhatsApp messenger, using text messages, educational images, and short videos. Equipm
Sponsors
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (diagnosis verified through review of the patient’s medical records) Having a minimum of six months since the confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis Patients attending the Omid MS Center in Zanjan who have an active medical file at the center No history of dementia, psychological disorders, or severe physical mobility limitations Ability to read and write (basic literacy) Not completely edentulous (having at least some natural teeth) Possession of a smartphone and the ability to use it
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Voluntary withdrawal from the study after enrollment Development of new health conditions or worsening of multiple sclerosis that prevents continued participation Failure to complete more than two educational sessions or follow-up assessments
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Knowledge of basic concepts of oral health and dentistry. Timepoint: At baseline and three weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: A previously validated questionnaire to assess patients’ knowledge of basic oral health concepts.;Attitude toward oral health. Timepoint: At baseline and three weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: A previously validated questionnaire to assess patients’ attitude of basic oral health concepts.;Oral health related practice and behavior. Timepoint: At baseline and three weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: A previously validated questionnaire to assess patients’ practice of basic oral health concepts. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Plaque index. Timepoint: At baseline and three weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: Clinically assessed using the Silness & Löe Plaque Index (1964), scoring plaque accumulation on four surfaces of each tooth (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual).;Gingival index. Timepoint: At baseline and three weeks after intervention. Method of measurement: Clinically assessed using the Löe & Silness Gingival Index (1963), scoring gingival inflammation and condition on four surfaces of each tooth (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual). | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactSeyed kian haji seyed javadi
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed