Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: NMES and Exercise Therapy. Intervention 2: Intervention group: tDCS and Exercise Therapy. Intervention 3: Intervention group: tACS and Exercise Therapy.
Sponsors
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Women Aged Between 18 and 35 Years History of Unilateral or Bilateral Pain Around or Behind the Patella, Exacerbated by at Least Two of the Following Activities: Squatting, Going Up or Down Stairs, or Prolonged Sitting with Knees Bent Tenderness to Palpation Over the Medial or Lateral Facets of the Patella Pain During Isometric Contraction of the Quadriceps Against Resistance Applied Above the Patella, and Pain During Resisted Knee Extension at Various Degrees of Flexion Non-traumatic Onset of Symptoms Patellofemoral Joint Pain for at Least the Past 3 Months Minimum Literacy Level Equivalent to Completion of Middle School
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of Knee Injuries such as Meniscal, Tendon, or Ligament Damage History of Patellar Subluxation or Dislocation Any Condition Affecting Other Joints Involving the Lower Limbs or the Back History of Fractures in the Spine or Lower Limbs History of Surgery or Arthroscopy in any of the Lower Limb Joints History of Head Trauma, Neurological Disorders, or Mental Health Issues Contraindications for Neuromodulation such as Pregnancy, Presence of Metal Implants, Epilepsy, History of Skull Fracture, or Cardiac Pacemaker
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain Intensity on Visual Analogue Scale. Timepoint: Pain intensity will be measured at the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention), after completing 12 intervention sessions, and one month after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Visual Analogue Scale. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Functional Activity Level. Timepoint: Functional Activity Level will be measured at the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention), after completing 12 intervention sessions, and one month after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Kujala Questionnaire.;Dynamic Balance. Timepoint: Dynamic Balance will be measured at the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention), after completing 12 intervention sessions, and one month after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Y-balance test.;Functional Performance. Timepoint: Functional Performance will be measured at the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention), after completing 12 intervention sessions, and one month after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Step-Down test.;Mean relative power of the EEG frequency bands. Timepoint: Mean relative power of the EEG frequency bands will be measured at the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention), after completing 12 intervention sessions, and one month after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Recording with an EEG device and measurement using sLORETA software.;Mean absolute power of the EEG frequency bands. Timepoint: Mean absolute power of the EEG frequency bands will be measured at the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention), after completing 12 intervention sessions, and one month after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Recording with an EEG device and measurement using sLORETA software. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactSamira Karimpour
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed