Bariatric Surgery. Excessive and redundant skin and subcutaneous tissue
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Cold Gel Packs. The cold application technique involves the removal of a drain tube with the use of a cooling gel pack. The researcher will preserve the gel packs i
Sponsors
College of Nursing/University of Baghdad
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Adults aged 18–60 years Underwent bariatric surgery (e.g., sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass) with postoperative surgical drain placement. Conscious, oriented, and able to communicate effectively in the language used for interventions and assessments. Drain tube scheduled for removal within 48–72 hours postoperatively. Willing to participate and provide written informed consent. Stable vital signs (as determined by the attending physician/nurse). Pain score =3 on a 0–10 numerical rating scale before the drain removal (to ensure intervention relevance).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Psychiatric or cognitive disorders that interfere with communication, comprehension, or cooperation (e.g., dementia, schizophrenia). Hearing or visual impairments that would hinder the ability to participate in guided meditation or deep breathing instructions. Use of sedatives, opioids, or anxiolytics within 4 hours prior to the drain removal. Postoperative complications (e.g., infection, bleeding, hemodynamic instability) that might require emergency care. Known allergy or intolerance to cold therapy or materials used in gel packs. History of chronic pain conditions or current use of long-term pain management therapy. Participation in another clinical trial that may interfere with this study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Reduction in self-reported pain and anxiety levels during drain tube removal through nurse-led, non-pharmacological interventions in bariatric patients. Timepoint: Twenty minutes Before intervention and immediately after intervention. Method of measurement: Patients will be asked to rate their pain by using the Visual Analogue Scale (0-10) before and immediately after drain tube removal. A lower number (0) indicates no pain; (1-3) indicates mild pain, (4-6) moderate pain, (7-9) severe pain, and (10) indicates the worst pain. Also, anxiety levels will be measured by using a six-item state anxiety scale derived from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which consists of six items only, each item [1: No at all, 2: Somewhat, 3: Moderate So, 4: Very much so] before and immediately after drain tube removal. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Physiological responses during drain removal. Timepoint: Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate will be measured before and after the procedure to objectively assess stress and anxiety levels. Method of measurement: sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurement and pulse oximetry for oxygen saturation.;2. Patient satisfaction with care. Timepoint: before and after intervention. Method of measurement: Assessed using a validated satisfaction scale or Likert-type questionnaire to evaluate patients' perceptions of the nurse-led interventions.;3. Procedure duration. Timepoint: before and after intervention. Method of measurement: Time taken to complete the drain removal, recorded in minutes, to determine whether the interventions affect procedural efficiency. | — |
Countries
Iraq
Contacts
Public ContactAli Malik Tiryag
College of Nursing/University of Baghdad
Outcome results
None listed