Condition 1: Patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery. Condition 2: Patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery. Unspecified fracture of femur Fracture of head and neck of femur
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: First intervention group (fentanyl): In addition to receiving the standard pain control protocol (including paracetamol), this group will also receive fentanyl at a dose of 1 µg/kg. Th
Sponsors
Saveh University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
20 Years to 50 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients with ASA physical status class I or II Aged 20 to 50 years Patients undergoing femoral fracture surgery Patients undergoing general anesthesia Provision of written informed consent by the patient to participate in the study Absence of acute visual or hearing impairments that would interfere with the patient's ability to understand instructions or use a patient-controlled analgesia pump No performance of any sensory-neural block during or after the surgery
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Substance abuse (opioids), alcohol, or psychotropic drugs Allergy to study medications (ketamine, fentanyl, acetaminophen, etc) Pregnancy or lactation Patient's refusal to continue cooperation in the study Liver dysfunction or elevated liver enzymes History of seizures or psychiatric disorders History of chronic pain or daily analgesic use (more than one week)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1-Pain intensity: The patient's mean pain score will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). This scale consists of a 10-centimeter line, with the endpoints labeled from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Timepoint: The assessment time points include immediately after surgery and at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-surgery. Method of measurement: This scale consists of a 10-centimeter line, with the endpoints labeled from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain).;Sedation level: A trained nurse will assess and record the patient's sedation level immediately after surgery and at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-surgery using the Ramsay Sedation Scale (which measures sedation from 1: anxious and agitated or restless, to 6: no response to a painful stimulus) by observing the patient's condition. Timepoint: The assessment time points include immediately after surgery and at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours post-surgery. Method of measurement: will be assessed and recorded using the Ramsay Sedation Scale (ranging from 1: anxious and agitated to 6: no response to a painful stimulus) by observing the patient's condition. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactMahsa Hajimirza
Saveh University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed