Postoperative sore throat following general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Pain in throat
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: The intervention group will receive 2 mL of ketamine with a concentration of 5 mg/mL, administered into the endotracheal tube immediately before intubation, as a si
Sponsors
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
20 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Age between 20 and 60 years ASA physical status class I or II Candidates for elective spinal surgery in the prone position Under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation Signed written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of sore throat before surgery Patients with asthma or COPD Smokers Recent use of NSAIDs Patient unwilling to participate in the study Known allergy to ketamine or normal saline Mallampati score greater than 2 More than one attempt required for endotracheal intubation Intubation time exceeding 20 seconds
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome variable is the incidence of postoperative sore throat. It is measured using a 4-point severity scale at 1, 6, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after extubation. The sample size was calculated based on expected differences in the incidence of sore throat between the ketamine and placebo groups. Timepoint: 1, 6, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after extubation. Method of measurement: Sore throat will be measured using a standardized 4-point verbal rating scale, where 0 = no pain, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Severity of postoperative sore throat will be evaluated using a 4-point verbal rating scale to assess the impact of intervention on pain intensity. Timepoint: 1, 6, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after extubation. Method of measurement: 4-point verbal rating scale (0 = no pain, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe).;Time of onset of postoperative sore throat will be recorded in hours after extubation, based on patient self-report, to evaluate the delay in symptom appearance due to the intervention. Timepoint: Continuously assessed within the first 72 hours after extubation. Method of measurement: Patient self-report recorded via a structured questionnaire. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactMaryam Khoshnevis
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed