Meichenbaum's method of stress inoculation training and Lazarus’ multimodal therapy on loneliness, psychological distress, resilience, and quality of life among the elderly.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training which covers the first group and consists of eight 60-minute sessions. Intervention 2: Lazarus’ multimodal therapy which covers the second gro
Sponsors
Islamic Azad University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
65 Years to 85 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Elderly people who are relatively healthy both physically and mentally People who have literacy skills sufficient for reading and writing People who are more than 65 up to 85
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: People who are suffering from acute physical and mental illnesses People who are illiterate People who are absent for more than one session
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The UCLA loneliness scale by Russell, Peplau, and Cutrona (1980). The sum of the participants’ scores forms the total score. A score of 20 indicates no feelings of loneliness. The maximum score is 80 and the average score is 50. Timepoint: The period in which loneliness is measured is before the beginning of the intervention and once again after 8 sessions of intervention. Method of measurement: The measuring method is UCLA questionnaire.;The psychological distress questionnaire of Kessler et al. (2002) is based on a 5-point Likert scale. Timepoint: The period in which psychological distress is measured is before the beginning of the intervention and once again after 8 sessions of intervention. Method of measurement: The measuring method is the psychological distress questionnaire of Kessler et al. (2002).;The Connor–Davidson resilience questionnaire (2003) which has a score range of 25 to 125. A higher score means a greater resilience. Timepoint: The period in which resilience is measured is before the beginning of the intervention and once again after 8 sessions of intervention. Method of measurement: The Connor–Davidson resilience questionnaire (2003).;The Persian version of the quality of life questionnaire (CASP-19) (2003) is a Likert-type questionnaire with four options. Timepoint: The period in which quality of life is measured is before the beginning of the intervention and once again after 8 sessions of intervention. Method of measurement: The measuring method is the Persian version of the quality of life questionnaire (CASP-19) (2003). | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactHossein Eghbali
Islamic Azad University
Outcome results
None listed