Shoulder pain in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Other acute postprocedural pain
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: After ensuring complete anesthesia and before cutting the skin, in the ketamine group, 0.05 mg/kg intravenous ketamine of the LABORATOIRES STEROP brand from Pakhseh
Sponsors
Vice President for Research and Technology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Pregnant women who were candidates for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia and referred to Al-Zahra Hospital (S) in 2025 Aged 18-45 years ASA class 1,2 Stable hemodynamic status Consent to participate in the study Gestational age over 36 weeks No shoulder complications or diseases including a history of shoulder dislocation or surgery or joint disease involving the shoulder No chronic neck and shoulder pain No trauma to the shoulder No mental problems
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Unwillingness to participate in the study Inability to communicate properly verball All contraindications to spinal anesthesia Unstable conditions following acute bleeding or uterine rupture or in the context of life-threatening diseases including severe heart failure, full-term patients Patients who are candidates for cesarean section following induction of labor in unstable conditions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Evaluation of shoulder pain during and after surgery. Timepoint: The examination will be conducted at 4 stations: 15 minutes after the anesthesia technique, at the end of the procedure, at the end of recovery, and 24 hours after the procedure. Method of measurement: The status of shoulder pain will be assessed by asking the patient (none - right shoulder - left shoulder - both shoulders) and the severity of the patient's shoulder pain will be assessed and recorded using the NRS scale as ((0) no pain, (1-3) mild pain, (4-6) moderate pain and (7-10) severe pain). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The effect of ketamine on hemodynamic changes in patients (mean blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate). Timepoint: At 4 stations: 15 minutes after performing the anesthesia technique, end of surgery, end of recovery, and 24 hours after surgery. Method of measurement: Blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactDr. Samaneh Ghazanfar Tehran
Rasht University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed