Patients receiving intramuscular injections {diclofenac sodium} who are admitted to the emergency department.
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention group: The study included adult patients who were chosen based on the aforementioned criteria. The study was carried out in the emergency departments with patients who had been prescribed
Sponsors
University of Kerbala
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Adult participants between the ages of 18 – 60 years old; did not receive analgesics/sedatives during the past 24 hours; voluntary participated in the study; patient did not have fibrosis, wound, infection and tenderness in the injection site: patients who entered the Emergency Department and were prescribed analgesics by the physicians: have no problems communicating and are fully conscious: patient not have diseases Gastric Ulcers and Asthma.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients who refused to participate in the study; individuals with communication difficulties or unconsciousness, those with fibrosis, wounds, or infections at the injection site, individuals involved in Road Traffic Accidents (RTA), stab wounds, or bleeding injuries. Patients receiving medication (such as antibiotics or analgesics) intravenously or intramuscularly, pregnant women, and individuals experiencing side effects of Diclofenac Sodium like gastric ulcers and asthma were also excluded from the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The primary outcome variable is the level of pain during intramuscular injection that can be changed based on using shotblocker and lidocaine spray. Timepoint: immediate after intervention (intramuscular injection ) using visual analog scale and after three weeks to measurement of the primary outcome. Method of measurement: measurement pain level after intramuscular injection by using visual analog scale. | — |
Countries
Iraq
Contacts
Public ContactHameed Muslim Hashem
University of Kerbala
Outcome results
None listed