unilateral mastectomy. Acquired absence of breast and nipple
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: In this group, in addition to the methods in the control group from the first session the strain counterstrain method will be used for the 5 more active trigger poi
Sponsors
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
35 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Age range 35-65 years At least 6 months have passed from adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy and radiation therapy) after mastectomy Having an active trigger point in at least two muscles from the subscapularis, pectoralis major, infraspinatus and upper trapezius muscles The presence of pain in the upper limb region according to the diffusion pattern of muscle trigger point pain Pain score 7-3
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Patients or return of breast cancer Bilateral mastectomy People with fibromyalgia Degenerative diseases of the spine Taking pain reliever, anti-inflammatory, muscle relaxant medicine in the last week Signs and symptoms of upper extremity neuropathy People with depression who receive medication and treatment for this issue People with lymphedema grade two and above Not willing to participate in the study or wanting to leave the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain intensity: It is a tool that determines the intensity of pain. Timepoint: The beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention) - the last session (the twelfth session after the intervention). Method of measurement: Visual analog scale: the person places a vertical mark on a continuous 100 mm line segment to indicate the intensity of pain, this line starts with the number 0, which indicates the absence of pain and discomfort, and the number 10, which indicates the worst pain that the person Ever experienced ends. In this study, the person reports the intensity of spontaneous pain, pain during active movement and pain with constant pressure applied by a pressure algometer in the upper limb area.;Pressure Pain Threshold: The amount of direct pressure required to elicit a pain response in the target area. Timepoint: The beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention) - the last session (the twelfth session after the intervention). Method of measurement: Pressure pain threshold: after determining the active trigger point in the studied muscles (subscapularis, pectoralis major, infraspinatus and upper trapezius), the pressure algometer device is used to measure the pressure pain threshold of the active trigger point. The study subjects are asked to inform the pain threshold, after measuring 3 times, the average value is recorded as the pressure pain threshold. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Range of motion (ROM): The range of motion that occurs at a joint or set of joints. Timepoint: The beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention) - the last session (the twelfth session after the intervention). Method of measurement: In this study, passive range of motion of the shoulder is measured by a goniometer (standard, Saehan brand, large size).;Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPDI): shoulder pain and disability index questionnaire, which aims to assess shoulder pain and disability and is filled by the individual. Timepoint: The beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention) - the last session (the twelfth session after the intervention). Method of measurement: This questionnaire has two dimensions, one is pain (5 questions) and the other is functional activities (8 questions) and the scoring of this questionnaire is based on a spectrum of 10 options, the score of each option is the same as the selected number, and finally the individual score is a number between zero and 130 and a larger number indicates greater disability.;European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30): This questionnaire is used to measure the quality of life in cancer patients. Timepoint: The beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention) - the last session (the twelfth session after the intervention). Method of measurement: This questionnaire has 30 questions in 5 functional scales including: physical (5 questions), role playing (2 questions), emotional (2 questions), cognitive (4 questions), social (2 questions) and 9 symptom domains (fatigue, nausea and vomiting, pain, shortness of breath, sleep disorder, loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea and financial problems) and evaluates the overall quality of life. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactFatemeh Dehghan Sanij
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed