Condition 1: Severe psychiatric disorders including the spectrum of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Condition 2: Bipolar Disorder. Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention group: To present the present multi-centered intervention, it is necessary to teach its components to the participants before starting the intervention. First, an introduction in very sim
Sponsors
University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
55 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: A) the age of the participants is 55 years and older, B) Being of Iranian origin (mother tongue is Farsi), C) suffering from severe psychiatric disorders (according to the definition, and using DSM 5 criteria) (schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder, D) have at least 5 years of history of the disorder, E) have the desire to participate in the study and give informed consent ,and F) do not have cognitive impairment (have obtained a score of at least 23 on the MMSE scale).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: A) There are coexisting psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and mood disorders, B) There is a history of ECT treatment in the last 12 months. C) There is a history of alcohol and drug use in the last 12 months, D) Suffering from physical diseases that require treatment at the moment (including diabetes, heart disease, blood pressure) (these diseases)Due to their effect on cognitive functions, especially prospective memory function, they should be controlled and removed in the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Prospective memory performance: Prospective memory is the memory related to doing tasks in the future (for example, remembering to take medicine at the appointed time), which tasks are divided into two types of temporal and event tasks. Timepoint: One week before the intervention, 6, 18 and 30 weeks after the intervention. Method of measurement: Virtual Week Game: a computer-based tool designed to assess and enhance factors underlying prospective memory. The virtual week game simulates a number of PM tasks similar to real, everyday tasks associated with prospective memory tasks (for example, remembering to take an antibiotic pill at certain times of the day or returning a book to the library). The game paradigm has a general storyline for seven virtual days and several types of time- and event-dependent PM tasks for each day of the virtual week. Each virtual day includes a dedicated story with a number of PM assignments. The paradigm also allows the experimenter to record the participants' performance. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Level of independence: A person's ability to perform several skills such as shopping, cooking, and managing finances, which are critical skills for older adults to be able to live independently, is influenced by prospective memory performance. Timepoint: 1 week before the intervention (pre-test), immediately after the end of the intervention (at the end of week 6), 18 and 30 weeks after the end of the intervention (study follow-ups). Method of measurement: Instrumental Daily Living Activities (IADL): A questionnaire to assess the level of individual independence that can be used as a self-report as well as an interview (in hospitalized conditions). The tool measures a person's ability in several skills, such as shopping, cooking and managing finances (which are critical skills for older adults to be able to live independently). This scale takes 10 to 15 minutes to complete and includes eight areas of daily functioning with scores of 0 to 8. This scale can be used as a written questionnaire or as an interview scale.;Depression level: prospective memory performance in the elderly has a significant effect on factors related to mental health (anxiety and depression levels) of these people. Therefore, measuring the level of depression and anxiety in this study are considered as secondary variables. Timepoint: 1 week before the intervention (pre-test), immediately after the end of the intervention (at the end of week 6), 18 and 30 weeks after the end of the intervention (study follow-ups). Method of measurement: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): A questionnaire to assess the symptoms of depression in the elderly, which can be used in both normal and clinical populations. The GDS consists of 30 questions in which participants have to answer yes or no questions based on their mood about the situations mentioned in the past week. The cutoff score for this scale is 11 and above. Therefore, higher scores on the GDS indicate worse performance. It can be executed within 5 to | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactOmid Rezaei
University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences
Outcome results
None listed