birth experience.
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Willingness to participate in the study gestational age of 37-42 weeks maternal age of 18-45 years ability to speak Persian absence of high-risk pregnancies (gestational hypertension, reduced fetal movements, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death, poly- or oligohydramnios, rupture of membranes for more than 12 hours, history of infertility, gestational diabetes, smoking) absence of chronic diseases (heart disease, lung disease, diabetes, and hypertension) cephalic presentation of the fetus absence of an accompanying midwife no history of physical, surgical, or psychological problems no issues during pregnancy singleton pregnancy
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Unwillingness to cooperate during the interview need for emergency cesarean section use of pain relief methods.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Birth experience. Timepoint: one hour after birth. Method of measurement: Childbirth Experience Questionnaire Ghanbari-Homayi. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences