Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Autistic disorder
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Parents in the intervention group will receive an intensive and structured training program consisting of 47 instructional sessions, each lasting approximately 60 t
2) Video Self-Modeling (VSM) for teaching functional play and correct use of 10 everyday objects (e.g., cup, spoon, telephone, toothbrush) by filming the child’s correct performance, editing the video
and 3) a structured toilet-training protocol based on Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) principles, which includes phases such as baseline assessment, diaper removal, offering fluids, scheduling bathroo
Sponsors
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
3 Years to 5 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Families with a child who had received a clinical autism diagnosis from a child psychiatrist. The child's age is between 3 and 5 years. The family resides within a 30-kilometer radius of the Al-Sibtain Academy in Iraq The child exhibits impaired nonverbal communication skills, as determined by assessments conducted by an experienced speech and language pathologist. The child does not exhibit irritability. The child has no other documented medical or psychological conditions according to their medical records. The child has toilet problems based on parent report. The child exhibits communication difficulties and is in the pre-linguistic stage, as assessed using the Communication Matrix.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Lack of Commitment to Study Protocol: The family demonstrates an unwillingness or inability to commit to the time demands of the study, including attending training sessions, completing daily record forms, and participating in all assessment points (pre, post, and follow-up). Primary Language Other than Arabic: The child's primary household language is not Arabic. Having high Level of Existing Verbal Skills: The child demonstrates fluent verbal communication (e.g., uses phrase or sentence spontaneously for communication).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pointing. Timepoint: before intervention, immediately after intervention, and conducted 3 months after the intervention period as a follow-up. Method of measurement: The Communication Frequency Measurement Scale.;Vocal communication. Timepoint: before intervention, immediately after intervention, and conducted 3 months after the intervention period as a follow-up. Method of measurement: The Communication Frequency Measurement Scale.;Eye gaze. Timepoint: before intervention, immediately after intervention, and conducted 3 months after the intervention period as a follow-up. Method of measurement: The Communication Frequency Measurement Scale.;Functional play. Timepoint: before intervention, immediately after intervention, and conducted 3 months after the intervention period as a follow-up. Method of measurement: Functional play scoring scale.;Using the toilet independently. Timepoint: before intervention, immediately after intervention, and conducted 3 months after the intervention period as a follow-up. Method of measurement: percentage of correct urinations in the toilet record form. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactZahra Soleymani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed