Adult traumatic patients.
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Patients who have an initial pain score of 4 or more (0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) according to the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) upon presentation. Age more than 18 years Initial oxygen saturation greater than 95% Patients with a GCS score of 15
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg Known pregnancy Patients with chronic pain syndromes (such as sickle cell disease or fibromyalgia) Cognitive impairment Known allergy to either fentanyl or morphine
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain reduction based on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Timepoint: At baseline, 5, 10, 30, 120 minutes post baseline. Method of measurement: Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Time to lowest pain score. Timepoint: From baseline to 2 hours post baseline. Method of measurement: Stopwatch. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences