the patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: The criteria for selection: the patients with12-30 years of age have a indication of orthodontic treatment in both jaw. Patients with no systemic diseases Do not smoke or drink alcohol do not have a Previously orthodontic treatment . absence of any metal restorations like an amalgam restorations or a metal crowns.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria:
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Chrome metal ion. Timepoint: before bonding brackets and tubes-a month after using mouthwashes. Method of measurement: Atomic Absorbtion.;Nickel metal ion. Timepoint: before bonding brackets and tubes-a month after using mouthwashes. Method of measurement: Atomic Absorbtion. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Dental Branch of Islamic Azad University of Tehran