Condition 1: lower limb trauma. Condition 2: upper limb trauma. Condition 3: wrist and hand trauma. Condition 4: elbow and shoulder trauma. Condition 5: pelvic and thigh trauma. Condition 6: foot trauma. s92-0 s62-0 s62-0 s42-0 s72-0 s92-0
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: isolated and closed limb trauma; age>18; pain score> 3( pain score) ;consent to participation in the study. Exclusion Criteria: cardiovascular instability; recent analgesic consumption; drug addiction; intravenous opioid administration by prehospital emergency staff or triage nurse; oral intake intolerance; decreased level of consciousness; dementia; multiple trauma, open limb fractures; language barrier.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria:
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Evaluation of pain severity. Timepoint: before intervention and then 5, 15, 30, 60 min and 4 hour after intervention. Method of measurement: VAS. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Patient satisfaction. Timepoint: after completion on intervention. Method of measurement: patient claim. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Tehran University of Medical Sciences