hemodialysis patients. Encounter for adequacy testing for hemodialysis
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group 1: In this group, the intervention will be administered as Shiatsu massage applied to the Hegu point on the non-fistula hand. The Hegu point is located in the space
Sponsors
Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Treatment history: No history of receiving Shiatsu or ice massage therapy within the past six months. Dialysis regimen: Receiving at least two hemodialysis sessions per week via an arteriovenous fistula. Fistula stability: At least three months have elapsed since the creation of the fistula. Substance use status: No use of narcotic drugs or alcohol, as confirmed by self-report and review of the medical record. Medication use: No use of analgesic medications (including NSAIDs and opioids) or anxiolytic drugs (such as benzodiazepines) within 24 hours prior to the dialysis session Neurological-sensory status: No sensory impairment or neuropathy in the limb with the fistula. Anatomical status: No wound, deformity, or infection at the Hegu point. Psychological status: No diagnosis of active psychiatric disorders, such as severe depression or anxiety disorders, that could affect pain perception, based on evaluation of the patient’s medical record. Comorbid conditions: No chronic diseases affecting pain threshold, such as uncontrolled diabetes or neuropathy. Type of fistula: Limited to patients with radial or brachial fistulas. Smoking status: No cigarette smoking within two hours prior to the intervention due to the potential effects of nicotine on pain perception.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Clinical status: Occurrence of hemodynamic instability, including severe hypotension, arrhythmia, or other critical conditions during the study. Fistulas at risk of thrombosis. Willingness to continue participation: Withdrawal of the patient from further participation at any stage of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain intensity associated with arteriovenous fistula needle insertion in hemodialysis patients: Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. In this study, pain refers to the unpleasant sensation caused by stimulation of nociceptive nerves in the fistula area following needle insertion during hemodialysis. Pain intensity will be measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), a ratio-scale instrument ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Participants will be asked to rate their pain immediately after cannulation of the arteriovenous fistula. Timepoint: The intensity of pain associated with arteriovenous fistula needle insertion will be measured in all three study groups (Shiatsu massage, ice massage, and control) over two consecutive days, at a standardized time point each day. On the first day, without any intervention, participants’ pain intensity will be assessed immediately after cannulation of the arteriovenous fistula using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). On the second day, the assigned intervention for each group (Shiatsu massage, ice massage, or sham intervention at point TE5) will be performed for 40 minutes, starting 20 minutes before the scheduled cannulation, and subsequently, as on the first day, pain intensity will be measured immediately after cannulation using the NRS scale. Method of measurement: Pain intensity resulting from needle insertion into the arteriovenous fistula will, in this study, be defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. To assess pain intensity, the numerical rating scale will be used. This instrument is a ratio scale with a range from zero, representing no pain, to ten, representing the worst imaginable pain. After arteriovenous fistula cannulation, participants will report their pain intensity by selecting a number between zero and ten. All recorded values will be collected an | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactDr. Golnaz Azami
Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed