Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: The intervention group: The educational intervention designed for this study consists of a single intervention group comprising four distinct components. These components work synergis
Chapter 2: Appropriate nutrition for diabetic patients
Chapter 3: Importance of physical activity
Chapter 4: How to perform blood glucose testing and understanding prescribed medications and their administration
Chapter 5: Prevention of diabetes complications
and Chapter 6: Managing diabetes in daily life. The booklet’s content has been reviewed and validated by a team consisting of two nurses, a patient with type 2 diabetes, an intern
Sponsors
Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Possession of Iranian nationality; age 18 or older Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for at least 6 months Medical history indicating glycated hemoglobin level greater than or equal to 8% Literacy (ability to read and write)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Development of type 2 diabetes complications that disrupt the care process (e.g., blindness, dialysis, severe stroke) Medical history of cognitive impairments (e.g., dementia or Alzheimer’s disease) Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure >180/110 mmHg) Hearing impairments Visual impairments Presence of hemolytic anemia Presence of hemoglobinopathies
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Insulin resistance. Timepoint: Assessment of insulin resistance before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Blood test using ELISA kit (HOMA-IR index).;Mean glycated hemoglobin. Timepoint: Evaluation of mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels before the start of the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Blood test using ELISA kit (glycated hemoglobin). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Mean changes in systolic blood pressure (millimeter of mercury). Timepoint: Mean systolic blood pressure levels (millimeters of mercury) before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Calibrated digital sphygmomanometer.;Mean changes in diastolic blood pressure (millimeters of mercury). Timepoint: Mean diastolic blood pressure levels (millimeters of mercury) before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Calibrated digital sphygmomanometer.;Mean serum triglyceride levels (milligrams per deciliter). Timepoint: Mean Serum triglyceride levels (milligrams per deciliter) before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Blood test using enzymatic colorimetric assay kits.;Mean serum total cholesterol levels (milligrams per deciliter). Timepoint: Mean serum total cholesterol levels (milligrams per deciliter) before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Blood test using enzymatic colorimetric assay kits.;Mean serum LDL-C levels (milligrams per deciliter). Timepoint: Mean serum LDL-C levels (milligrams per deciliter) before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Blood test using direct enzymatic assay kits.;Mean serum HDL-C levels (milligrams per deciliter). Timepoint: Mean serum HDL-C levels (milligrams per deciliter) before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Blood test using homogeneous enzymatic assay kits.;Mean serum BUN levels (milligrams per deciliter). Timepoint: Mean serum BUN levels (milligrams per deciliter) before the intervention, 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Blood test using enzymatic kit with urease-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) method.;Mean serum creatinine levels (milligrams per deciliter). Timepoint: Mean serum creatinine | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactDr. Golnaz Azami
Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed