Pain after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. Encounter for cesarean delivery without indication
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: Intravenous injection of 1 g paracetamol (in 100 ml) over 15 minutes, approximately 20–30 minutes before the end of the procedure, followed by 1 g paracetamol intra
Sponsors
Esfahan University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Include women aged 18 to 45. Candidate for elective or non-urgent emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Have a singleton pregnancy with a gestational age = 37 weeks. ASA class one or two. Have successful spinal anesthesia without the need to convert to general anesthesia. Have the ability to understand and use the VAS/NRS scale for pain. Written informed consent should be obtained before entering the study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Contraindications for spinal anesthesia. Failure of spinal anesthesia and need for conversion to general anesthesia Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to paracetamol, morphine, or meperidine (e.g., severe hepatic impairment, marked respiratory depression, history of meperidine-related seizures, etc.) Severe hepatic or renal impairment (e.g. creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) Chronic opioid use, opioid dependence, or treatment with methadone/buprenorphine Severe psychiatric disorders that would interfere with pain assessment Severe postpartum hemorrhage requiring massive transfusion or hemodynamic instability Any other condition that, in the investigator’s judgment, would compromise patient safety or data interpretation. Unwillingness to participate or inability to obtain informed consent.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Opioid use rate. Timepoint: 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Method of measurement: Opioid use rate through standard medication registration questionnaire.;Pain score on visual analog scale. Timepoint: 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Method of measurement: Visual Analog Scale. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactDr. Behzad Nazemroaya
Esfahan University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed