The effect of Valsalva maneuver and Lidocaine injection on reducing the pain of Etomidate injection

Comparison of the effectiveness of Valsalva maneuver and Lidocaine injection in reducing pain caused by Etomidate injection to induce anesthesia

Status

Active, not recruiting

Phases

Phase 2

Study type

Interventional

Source

IRCT

Registry ID

IRCT20160307026950N26

Enrollment

Registered

2020-10-08

Start date

2020-09-22

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2020-11-09

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Local injection site pain. Other acute postprocedural pain

Interventions

Intervention 1: Intervention group: The patient is asked to perform Valsalva maneuver at the time of etomidate injection. Intervention 2: Intervention group: Intravenous Lidocaine bolus injection of 1

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Age

18 Years to 65 Years

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: Candidates for general anesthesia Physical condition in ASA class I and II Age 18 to 65 years Able to perform Valsalva maneuver

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: History of mental, cardiac and respiratory diseases Chronic pain disorders Long history of analgesic use History of allergies to Etomidate and Lidocaine History of drug abuse

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Local etomidate injection site pain measured by visual analog scale. Timepoint: Right after etomidate injection. Method of measurement: visual analog scale / Objective physician-assessed pain score; with: 0= no pain;1= mild pain, pain that only is reported by the patient, and no signs of pain are observed by the physician;2= Moderate pain, one pain sign is observed in addition to patient's report3= Severe pain with loud noise or moaning.	—

Measure

Time frame

Local etomidate injection site pain measured by visual analog scale. Timepoint: Right after etomidate injection. Method of measurement: visual analog scale / Objective physician-assessed pain score; with: 0= no pain;1= mild pain, pain that only is reported by the patient, and no signs of pain are observed by the physician;2= Moderate pain, one pain sign is observed in addition to patient's report3= Severe pain with loud noise or moaning.

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Countries

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Contacts

Public ContactBehzad Nazem roaya

Esfahan University of Medical Sciences

behzad_nazem@med.mui.ac.ir+98 31 3662 0048

Outcome results

None listed

Source: IRCT (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026