Tennis elbow. Lateral epicondylitis
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group: The forearm band was an 8-cm-wide neoprene band fitted 2.5 cm below the elbow. A double layered neoprene pad was incorporated in the forearm band to apply a direct
Sponsors
Esfahan University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
20 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Pain on palpation of the lateral epicondyle. Elbow pain aggravated with resisted wrist extension. Pain on resistive middle finger extension
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: People with history of surgery, fracture, dislocation, or injection to the elbow less than 6 weeks prior were excluded
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain. Timepoint: 5 minutes after each intervention was applied. Method of measurement: The pain severity was measured using a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) in which 0 represented “no pain” and 10 indicated “the most severe pain” .;Hand grip strength. Timepoint: 5 minutes after each intervention was applied. Method of measurement: Pain-free grip on the involved side was measured using a digital handgrip dynamometer (YDM-110, Yagami Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Each participant stood with shoulder in neutral, elbow in extension and forearm in neutral position of supination/pronation then slowly squeeze the dynamometer handle until they felt pain at elbow.;Elbow joint position sense. Timepoint: 5 minutes after each intervention was applied. Method of measurement: Elbow proprioception was evaluated by the measurement of joint position sense. For this purpose, the ability of active angle reproduction was measured at the involved elbow. The participant sat on a chair and the arm is kept undisturbed and parallel to the floor using an adjustable arm support attached to the chair’s handle. The participant’s eyes were closed during proprioception testing. The examiner kept the forearm and started slowly moving the elbow from 90º toward extension until elbow reached in 70º of flexion. The elbow was kept at 70º for 20 seconds and participant was asked to memorize this position. The elbow returned to 90º and participant was asked to reproduce the target angle (70º of flexion). The active angle reproduction test was also employed when elbow moving toward flexion direction. Participants were asked to move their elbow from 90º toward further flexion until reached target angle was set at 110º of flexion. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Finger dexterity. Timepoint: 5 minutes after intervention was applied. Method of measurement: The finger dexterity was evaluated using “nine-hole peg test”. The testing instrument consist of a wooden board with nine hole and a counterpart has a shallow round dish contained nine pegs. The hole-board was centered in front of participant and shallow dish was on the involved side. Participant took the pegs one by one and put them in the holes, as quickly as could. They then removed the pegs one by one and replaced them in the shallow round dish. The time was recorded using a stopwatch from the moment participant reach the first peg until the last peg was put back in the dish. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactEbrahim Sadeghi
Esfahan University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed