Ankle Pronation. Other acquired deformities of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group 2: The jump rope training protocol consisted of a six-week program, performed three days a week. Each session began with a 10-minute warm-up, including running and d
Sponsors
Research Deputy of Hakim Nizami Higher Education
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
10 Years to 12 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Female students aged 10 to 12 years Navicular drop greater than 10 mm Grade 2 flat foot No history of injury, surgery, or fracture in the lower limbs Free from any specific diseases
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: History of fracture or surgery in lower limb joints Postural disorders such as bowlegs (genu varum), knock knees (genu valgum), or scoliosis Acute ankle sprain symptoms such as swelling or bruising
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Balance and Ankle Proprioception. Timepoint: At the beginning of the study (before the start of the intervention) and at the end of the study (6 weeks after the intervention). Method of measurement: The Navicular Drop Test using Brody's method was performed to assess foot pronation, where a drop of more than 10 mm indicates pronation. In this method, the height of the navicular bone is measured in both a non-weight-bearing and a standing position, and the difference is recorded. Next, the Denis A Footprint Test was used to evaluate second-degree flatfoot. This test involves observing the footprint on a mirror box with the application of talcum powder for accuracy. Flatfoot is confirmed when the central and forefoot areas are of equal width, serving as the criterion for diagnosing the degree of flatfoot. Joint position sense: Joint position sense was measured through passive and active reconstruction of previous positions. Non-weight-bearing tests were conducted to assess proprioception in inversion and plantar flexion as these movements often exceed the normal ankle range. Angles of 10° and 30° for plantar flexion and 5° and 20° for inversion were tested. Participants sat on a table with their ankles fixed, and the gyroscope was calibrated to reduce measurement errors. After training, participants repeated the target angles three times, and the mean difference was recorded as an absolute error. The Y test was performed to assess dynamic balance. The participant stood barefoot at the center of a grid with lines extending in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. While keeping one foot in the center, they used the other foot to reach along the lines with the big toe. The test was repeated three times in each direction, and the maximum r | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactKarim Khalaghi
Hakim Nizami Qochan Institute of Higher Education
Outcome results
None listed