spinal needle projection pain. Procedures for purposes other than remedying health state
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Group II (B): Ball
pressed a rubber ball for diversion of patients attention (attention-diverting method). Intervention 2: Group III (V): Valsalva
blew into sphygmomanometer tubing and hold the mercury column up to 30 mm Hg for a period of at least 20s. Intervention 3: Group I (C): Control (no intervention).
Group II (B): Ball
pressed a rubber ball for diversion of patients attention (attention-diverting method)
Group III (V): Valsalva
blew into sphygmomanometer tubing and hold the mercury column up to 30 mm Hg for a period of at least 20s.
Group I (C): Control (no intervention)
Sponsors
Tehran university of medical sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
19 Years to 75 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: patients, either sex with ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for elective surgeries under spinal anesthesia. Exclusion criteria: 1) Patients having problems in communication 2) any contraindications to spinal anesthesia 3) Patients who could not hold the mercury column up to 30 mm Hg for a period of at least 20s 4)patients whose spinal puncture could not be performed in the first attempt.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria:
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain. Timepoint: degree of pain after valsalva maneuver. Method of measurement: numeric rating scale. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Hemodynamic responses. Timepoint: 5 minute before, during and 1 and 3 minute after intervention. Method of measurement: heart rate and blood pressure. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactSussan Soltani Mohammadi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed