Fear during and after childbirth. Fear of other medical care
Conditions
Interventions
Intervention 1: Intervention group 1: In the epidural group, the injection will be performed by an anesthesiologist according to the national protocol for painless delivery, and with the intermittent
Sponsors
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Have a healthy sense of smell Age 18 to 45 years First to third childbirth Live single fetus with cephalic presentation Gestational age 37 to 41 weeks regular labor contractions Cervical dilatation 4 to 5 cm No received sedation in 4 hours prior to intervention Having a low-risk pregnancy (absence of third trimester bleeding, placental abruption, placenta previa, fetal growth disorder, etc.)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Any surgery on the uterus including cesarean section Any contraindications to vaginal delivery including Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) Abnormal amniotic fluid volume Any contraindications to receive epidural analgesia or aromatherapy, including a history of allergies to herbal or analgesic drugs Pregnancy with the help of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) Any major physical or mental illness Severe obesity (Body mass index (BMI) higher than 35 kilograms per square meter) Unwillingness to participate in the study or the inability to obtain informed consent from the person, including having excessive anxiety or stress Non-reactive fetal heart rate
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Childbirth fear. Timepoint: One and two hours after intervention. Method of measurement: Delivery Fear Scale.;Severity of postpartum fear. Timepoint: Two hours and 5 weeks after delivery. Method of measurement: Wijma Version B scale. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain intensity. Timepoint: At 4 to 5 cm cervical dilatation (just before intervention), 30 minutes after the intervention and then every hour until delivery. Method of measurement: Visual analog scale.;Childbirth experience satisfaction. Timepoint: 12 to 24 hours after delivery. Method of measurement: Birth satisfaction scale-revised questionnaire.;Duration of the first, second and third stages of labor and intervention until delivery. Timepoint: beginning to the end of intervention. Method of measurement: Partograph.;Emergency cesarean section. Timepoint: beginning to the end of intervention. Method of measurement: Researcher observation. | — |
Countries
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Contacts
Public ContactZohreh Zakavi
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Outcome results
None listed