The effects of menstrual cycle on porphological adaptations during resistance training
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: 12-week systematic resistance training intervention. High-frequency resistance training (~4 sessions·week?¹) was performed from the first day of menstruation until ovulation, followed by low-
Sponsors
IST Hochschule für Management GmbH
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: All participants were required to have at least six months of resistance training experience prior to study enrollment. Participants were also required to be familiar with and regularly perform the barbell back squat, bench press, deadlift, and other free-weight resistance exercises as part of their habitual training routines. Proficiency in the required exercise techniques was verified by the principal investigator before the start of the intervention.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Exclusion criteria included musculoskeletal disorders or orthopedic conditions affecting the spine, pelvis, shoulder complex, or lower extremities. Participants were also excluded if they had any diagnosed metabolic or cardiovascular disease or required regular medication use, with the exception of stable medication prescribed for hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the use of any form of hormonal contraception was not permitted for at least six months prior to study enrollment and throughout the entire study period. Participants using hormonal contraceptives during these periods were excluded from participation.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Changes in body composition, circumference measurements, and maximal strength were assessed. All outcome measures were obtained every four weeks (T0, T1, T2, and T3). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita InnerScan) to determine body mass, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, and fat mass. Circumference measurements were performed at the largest circumference of the upper arm and thigh. Maximal strength was assessed in the back squat and bench press according to the guidelines of the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Feasibility of a menstrual cycle-based resistance training program, assessed by participant dropout rate and the corresponding reasons for withdrawal. | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactEduard Isenmann
IST Hochschule für Management GmbH
Outcome results
None listed