Physiological study / Optimization of health behaviors (nutrition)
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: Dietary intervention involving 140 ml of raw milk kefir per day for 4 weeks, while otherwise maintaining the usual diet
Group 2: Dietary intervention involving 140 ml of kefir made from paste
Sponsors
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: • Consent for data collection • Consent to participate in the study • Consent for the processing of special categories of health-related data • BMI between 18.5 and less than 30 kg/m² • Menstruation present or use of oral contraceptives
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: • Strictly vegetarian or vegan diet • Chronic gastrointestinal conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, short bowel syndrome, chronic gastritis, chronic constipation, irritable bowel syndrome) • Chronic conditions (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, COPD, eating disorders, alcohol dependence), exception: Hashimoto's thyroiditis • Current cancer • Long-term medication use (e.g., immunosuppressants, corticosteroids), with the exception of thyroid hormones when metabolic control is good and there are no symptoms, and the use of oral contraceptives • Use of antibiotics starting July 1, 2026 • Use of probiotics starting July 1, 2026 • Gastrointestinal infection starting July 1, 2026 • Abdominal surgery (e.g., appendectomy, cholecystectomy, etc.) starting July 1, 2026
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - gastrointestinal well-being, assessed using a questionnaire adapted from Guyonnet et al. 2013 (doi.org/10.1017%2FS0007114513000275), measured before the intervention, 2 weeks after the start of the intervention, immediately after the four-week intervention, and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention - Composition of the gut microbiome, determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, measured before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - General well-being, assessed using an adapted short questionnaire on general habitual well-being (FAHW-12) (https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.14690), measured before the intervention, 2 weeks after the start of the intervention, immediately following the 4-week intervention, and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention - Appetite/hunger and cravings for sweets, assessed using an adapted questionnaire by Praz?nikar et al. 2020 (https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17696), measured before the intervention, 2 weeks after the start of the intervention, immediately after the 4-week intervention, and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention - Dietary composition, determined using an adapted version of the Food Frequency Questionnaire from the Robert Koch Institute’s “German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults” (DEGS1) (Validation: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-9-36), measured before the intervention, 2 weeks after the start of the intervention, immediately after the 4-week intervention, and 2 weeks after the end of the intervention | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactJohanna Mörlein
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Outcome results
None listed