G82
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: Mindfulness-based immersive virtual forest bathing via a head-mounted display (HMD) with typical nature sounds (birdsong, water sound, rustling leaves) and mindfulness instructions for a peri
Sponsors
Hochschule Coburg
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: - Adequate verbal, visual, auditory and cognitive abilities - Psychopathological status: alert, with generally preserved cognitive function and intact situational awareness - Traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury resulting in paraplegia/tetraplegia - Written informed consent (from the patient or the legal guardian)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Inability to participate in the study in an informed manner - Paralysis of the neck muscles with limited or absent active head movement - Existing symptoms of dizziness or visual disturbances - Contraindications (e.g. F05, delirium) - Epilepsy - Mechanical ventilation - Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Psychosis - Borderline
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| In a 2 x 2 mixed design, patients with spinal cord injury complete one session of a VR forest bathing intervention and one control condion of an image-based forest bathing intervention in a counterbalanced order on two separate days. The primary outcome is the difference between the pre-post change in state anxiety (State subscale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI-state; Grimm, 2009) during the VR intervention compared to the pre-post change (STAI-state) during the control condition. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Positive and Negative Affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, PANAS; Breyer & Bluemke, 2016) - Perceived stress (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS-Stress) - Physical discomfort (fatigue, pain, physical discomfort) (Visual Analogical Scale, VAS) - Perceived relaxation (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS-Relax and Relaxation State Questionnaire, RSQ; Steghaus & Poth, 2022) - Simulator Sickness (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, SSQ; Kennedy et al., 1993) - Immersion (Subscale of Technology Usage Inventorys, TUI; Kothgassner et al., 2012) - Heart rate/heart rate variability (HR/HRV) - Skin conductance level (SCL) - Experience with VR - Experience with mindfulness - Personal attitude towards VR Forest Bathing - Demographics and clinical data - Only in scent group: scent intensity, congruence with visual stimuli, scent valence. Besides comparing the two conditions (VR forest bathing vs. image-based forest bathing), the effects of additional olfactory stimulation will also be examined. | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactKarin Meissner
Hochschule Coburg
Outcome results
None listed