Dental anxiety and pain in children during local anesthesia.
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: Participants receive routine dental treatment under nitrous oxide–oxygen sedation (N2O/O2) and local anesthesia.
A visually identical dummy Buzzy device (without vibration or cold) is placed
Sponsors
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
3 Years to 12 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Children aged 3 to 12 years requiring dental treatment under nitrous oxide (N2O/O2) sedation and local anesthesia. ASA physical status I or II. Written informed consent from parents or legal guardians and assent from the child when appropriate.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Children with neurological, cognitive, or developmental disorders affecting cooperation. ASA physical status III or higher. Contraindications to nitrous oxide sedation or local anesthesia. Refusal to participate by the child or parents/legal guardians.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain during local anesthesia injection assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and the FLACC scale, and anxiety assessed using the Venham Behavior Rating Scale during the injection procedure. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Pain and anxiety during the entire dental procedure, treatment completion rate, parental assessment of the treatment experience (VAS), and total procedure duration. | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactRuth Santamaria
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald
Outcome results
None listed