SMART-AGE does not aim to prevent or cure diseases. No directly health-related data, such as from the treating general practitioners, will be collected. Instead, we hope to have a positive impact on the four primary outcome areas: (1) health-related self-perception, control beliefs and self-efficacy, (2) motor capacity and performance, (3) loneliness and social support, and (4) technology acceptance, competence and use.
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: In the full intervention condition, the participants will have access to all of the SMART-AGE specific apps, namely smartVERNETZT, KOKU, smartIMPULS, and smartFEEDBACK.
Group 2: In the partia
Sponsors
Universität Heidelberg
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
67 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: We obtained addresses from the city registries of Mannheim and Heidelberg to invite potential study partners with a letter of information and detailed study information.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Individuals who are younger than 67 or living in a nursing home, have severe cognitive limitations, no internet access, no PC/Tablet experience, severe medical conditions, severe visual/hearing impairments, no/poor knowledge of German, or work 20+ hours per week are excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Outcomes are mesaured at the start of the study and 3, and 6 months after study start. (1) Health-related self-awareness, control beliefs, and self-efficacy, which includes measures like the Health Locus of Control Scale (Wallston et al., 1976), Health Literacy (Konopik et al., 2021), Adapted Health Consciousness Scale (Marsall et al., 2021), and Self-efficacy (Jerusalem & Schwarzer, 2003); (2) Motor capacity and performance, which includes measures like the Timed Up and Go Test (Podsiadlo & Richardson, 1991) and movement sensor-based physical activity parameters (e.g., steps per day) using Axivity AX6 sensors; (3) Loneliness and social support, which includes measures like the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Döring & Bortz, 1993), Lubben Social Network Scale (Lubben et al., 2006); (4) Technology acceptance, competence, and usage, which includes measures like Computer Anxiety (Thatcher & Perrewé, 2002) and End User Frustration (Peters et al., 1980). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Outcomes are mesaured at the start of the study and 3 months after study start. Satisfaction with life scale (Diener et al., 1985), Health Belief Model, self-generated questionnaire based on existing literature (Jones et al., 2014), WHOQOL-BREF (Skevington et al., 2004), E-Health Literacy (Soellner et al., 2014), System Usability Scale (SUS) (Brooke, 1996), SHORT FES-I (Kempen et al., 2008), Life-Space Assessment (Peel et al., 2005), gait speed, self-generated questionnaire based on existing literature (Freire et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2016), subjective memory (Hülür et al., 2015), PHQ-8 (Shin et al., 2019), cognitive exercises (Heydasch et al., 2013; Ratcliff et al., 2004; Wechsler, 2004; Oberauer & Lin, 2017; Schipolowski et al., n.d.; Voss et al., 2004), cognitive measures (Reitan, 1956; Wechsler, 2008; Welsh et al., 1994), Attention Tasks (Oberauer et al., 2000; Ratcliff et al., 2004; Stepankova et al., 2014; Voss et al., 2004), sense of community (Peterson et al., 2008), digital networking with the neighborhood (Kurtenbach et al., 2022), mobility (Penger & Oswald, 2017), Housing importance "MOH" (Oswald et al., 2006), housing-related control beliefs "HCQ" (Oswald et al., 2003, 2006), Housing Enabler (Norin et al., 2019), Big Five Personality (Rammstedt & John, 2005), Awareness of age-related Change (Kaspar et al., 2019), List of leisure activities, self-generated questionnaire based on existing literature (Vogel et al., 2021), Life Engagement Test (Scheier et al., 2006), Experienced obsolescence (Brandtstädter et al., 1997), Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire (Roque & Boot, 2018), Internet-Self-Efficacy (Jokisch et al., 2020; Schenk & Scheiko, 2011), Stereotype Endorsement (Schmader et al., 2008), Perceived IT-Based Stereotype Endorsement (Rattan et al., 2018), Techno-Induced Overload (Maier et al., 2015; Pethig et al., 2021), Feelings of Achievement (Pekrun et al., 2011), Gender, Citizenships, Household members, Family membe | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactHans-Werner Wahl
Universität Heidelberg
Outcome results
None listed