sports performance with prevented mouth breathing
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Cohort 1): • Competitive sports at national and/or international level (e.g., participation in national leagues, state/national squad status) • Training at least 3 times a week • Written informed consent available Cohort 2): • Regular sporting activity with a training workload of at least 3 times per week • Written informed consent available
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: - Ineligibility for competitive sports due to illness/injury - Nasal airway obstruction - Diseases of the respiratory tract (e.g. bronchial asthma, COPD) - Use of medications with respiratory modulating effects (e.g., xylometazoline-containing nasal spray, inhaled bronchodilators, or other agents with comparable effects) - Pregnancy and breastfeeding - Nicotine use
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Objective parameters of physical performance (Maximum oxygen uptake capacity achieved (VO2max or VO2 peak) [l/min or ml/kg/min] & maximum power (Pmax) [watts]). | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| - Training zones (in % of VO2max or in heart rate zones). - Pulmonary parameters (respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume, respiratory reserve, RER, tidal volume, ventilatory thresholds VT1 and VT2 in L/min, breathing pattern (hyperventilation? Chaotic Breathing? Obstruction? Restriction?), crossing point of breathing equivalents) - Maximum heart rate (HRmax) - Parameters of capillary blood gas analysis (pH, pCO2, pO2, SO2, BE, bicarbonate) - Oxygen saturation (SpO2 in %) - Blood lactate concentration (lactate in mmol/l) - Subjective perception of exertion according to Borg on a scale of 6-20 (rating of respiratory effort, leg muscle strain, general exertion) - Adverse events | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Institut für Bewegungs- und Arbeitsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg