Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Root and Alveolar Bone Resorption F17.2
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: the heavy smokers (more than 20 cigarette per day) received orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance
Group 2: the non-smoker's (never smoke any cigarette) received orthodontic treatment wi
Sponsors
Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental medicine
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
19 Years to 30 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: • The patient's age ranges between 19 and 30 years old. • Mild or moderate crowding of less than 6 mm according to Little (23) • Good oral hygiene. • All permanent lower teeth are present (except for third molars). • The patient has not received any previous orthodontic treatment. • The patient is a smoker of more than 20 cigarettes per day (24) with each cigarette containing a minimum of (0.2 mg of nicotine and 0.2 mg of tar) or its equivalent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1- Patients with a general or local health condition that affects the movement of the tooth. 2- Patients under medications that affect orthodontic tooth movement. 3- Periodontal lesions that developed during treatment. 4- Patient who is not committed to the periodic follow-up appointments. 5- Patient who does not complete the pain questionnaire.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1-Cigarette smoking decrease bone height in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group. 2-Cigarette smoking decrease bone thickness in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group. 3-Cigarette smoking decrease bone density in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group. 4-Cigarette smoking didn't affect root height in smoker's group comparing to non-smoker's group. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cigarette smoking increases pain after placement of separator elastics in patients who smoke more than 20 cigarette per day | — |
Countries
Syria
Contacts
Public ContactGhaith Sahtout
Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental medicine
Outcome results
None listed