1) Stage 1a: individuals who report current distress, but do not meet criteria for a broad Clinical High At Risk Mental State (CHARMS) or first episode of severe mental disorder2) Stage 1b: individuals who meet criteria for a CHARMS3) Stage 2: individuals who meet criteria for a first episode of psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, severe depressive disorder or severe anxiety disorder
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: Six-week Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) based on principles of Compassion-Focused Therapy (EMIcompass), which consists of four face-to-face sessions with a trained psychologist, on-d
Sponsors
Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
14 Years to 25 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: • Aged between 14 and 25 years • Meeting criteria for one of the following clinical stages: 1) Stage 1a: individuals who report current distress, but do not meet criteria for a broad Clinical High At Risk Mental State (CHARMS) or first episode of severe mental disorder 2) Stage 1b: individuals who meet criteria for a CHARMS 3) Stage 2: individuals who meet criteria for a first episode of psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, severe depressive disorder or severe anxiety disorder • Willingness to participate in the EMIcompass intervention • Ability to give written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: • Insufficient command of German so that the intervention cannot be followed and outcomes cannot be reasonably assessed in German • Primary clinical diagnosis of alcohol or substance dependency • Evidence that symptoms are precipitated by an organic cause
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Psychological distress is the primary outcome and will be assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, Kessler et al., 2002). The primary candidate mechanism is stress reactivity and will be operationalised in line with Reininghaus et al. (2016, doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv190) as increased negative affect in response to stress assessed during the six-day ecological momentary assessment phases. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| At baseline as well as at T1 and T2 we will assess the following secondary outcomes: a) Primary psychiatric symptoms will be assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental State (CAARMS; Yung et al., 2005) in combination with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; Kwan and Rickwood, 2015). b) Psychotic experiences will be assessed using 7 items during EMA (Reininghaus et al., 2016), c) Psychological distress will be assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, Kessler et al., 2002), d) General psychopathology will be assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory (Derogatis, 1993) as well as observer ratings (Hamilton-Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton-Depression (HAM-D), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS, (Young et al., 1978)). e) Self-compassion/mindfulness will be assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Hupfeld et al., 2011) and the Fife Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-sf; Bohlmeier et al., 2001) As a marker of autonomic stress sensitivity we will assess heart rate variability (HRV) during the 6-day EMA phases. In addition, stress reactivity will be assessed using the perceived stress reactivity scale (Schlotz et al., 2011). Secondary candidate mechanisms comprise: a) Resilience to stress will be assessed using the CD-RISC questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003) as well as via EMA. The later will be operationalized as attenuated (or absent) decrease in positive affect in response to stress. b) Interpersonal sensitivity will be assessed using the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (Boyce and Parker, 1989). c) Threat anticipation will be assessed using the Threat Anticipation Measure (Corcoran et al., 2006) as well as with 1 item during EMA (s. Reininghaus et al., 2016). d) Negative appraisals will be assessed using 2 items during EMA (s. Reininghaus et al., 2016) | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactIsabell Pätzold
Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit
Outcome results
None listed