The Relationship of Adverse Childhood Experience and Violent Video Gaming: Effects on Pain Perception, Fear Conditioning and Pain-Related Empathy

Status

Active, not recruiting

Phases

Unknown

Study type

Observational

Source

DRKS

Registry ID

DRKS00016568

Enrollment

150

Registered

2020-07-29

Start date

2019-01-17

Completion date

Unknown

Last updated

2025-04-07

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

adverse childhood experience

Interventions

Group 1: Test persons are tested for pain processing, fear conditioning and empathy for pain. Measurements are conducted via fMRI.

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

All

Age

18 Years to 65 Years

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria: between 18 and 60 years old before the 18th birthday physical or sexual violence or neglect currently no drug intake

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria: Pregnancy, Alcohol dependency; abstinence less than 2 years Alcohol abuse; abstinence less than 1 month, Drug consumption Lifetime or current diagnosis of schizophrenia Lifetime or current diagnosis of Bipolar 1 disorder Psychotropic medication except of SSRI/SNRI No sufficient knowledge of the German language Acute endangerment of self and others Organic and degenerative disease of the brain Severe internal or neurological diseases Central exclusion criteria for (f)MRI

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Regarding the primary outcome pain modulation, fear conditioning and empathy for pain are analysed via fMRI measurement.	—

Secondary

Measure	Time frame
The following questionnaires serve as secondary outcome: - Symptomchecklist (Franke et al., 2011) - German version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein et al., 2003) - Resilience Scale (Schumacher et al., 2005) - The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor & Davidson, 2003) - KERF - German version of the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) Interviews (Teicher & Parigger, 2015) - HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) (german version R. P. Snaith und A. S. Zigmond 2011) - NEO Personality Inventory, (P. T. Costa & R. McCrae) - Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23) (Bohus et al. 2009) - State-trait-anxiety inventory (Laux et al., 1981) - Trier inventory for assessment of chronic stress (Schulz and Schlotz, 1999) - The Fear of Pain Questionnaire (Asmundson, Gordon & V Bovell,2008) - Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis et al. 1983) - Empathy for Pain Scale (EPS) (Giummarra 2014) - Modified form of the questionnaire for assessment of computergaming behavior (Wölfling, Müller & Beutel, 2010)	—

Measure

Time frame

The following questionnaires serve as secondary outcome: - Symptomchecklist (Franke et al., 2011) - German version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein et al., 2003) - Resilience Scale (Schumacher et al., 2005) - The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor & Davidson, 2003) - KERF - German version of the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure (MACE) Interviews (Teicher & Parigger, 2015) - HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) (german version R. P. Snaith und A. S. Zigmond 2011) - NEO Personality Inventory, (P. T. Costa & R. McCrae) - Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23) (Bohus et al. 2009) - State-trait-anxiety inventory (Laux et al., 1981) - Trier inventory for assessment of chronic stress (Schulz and Schlotz, 1999) - The Fear of Pain Questionnaire (Asmundson, Gordon & V Bovell,2008) - Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis et al. 1983) - Empathy for Pain Scale (EPS) (Giummarra 2014) - Modified form of the questionnaire for assessment of computergaming behavior (Wölfling, Müller & Beutel, 2010)

—

Countries

Germany

Contacts

Public ContactMaximilian Penzkofer

ZI Mannheim

maximilian.penzkofer@zi-mannheim.de+49 621 1703-6325

Outcome results

None listed

Source: DRKS (via WHO ICTRP) · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026