F98.0 F98.1 N39.4
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: Patients with incontinence (ICD-10: F98.0, F98.1, N39.4) and their legal guardian are required to participate in the following testing at three measure time points in time intervals of three
Sponsors
Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
6 Years to 17 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Age between 6,0 and 17,11 years Within patient group: reliable Diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis (F98.0), daytime urinary incontinece (N39.4) or fecal incontinence (F98.1) Within control group: diagnosis by exclusion of nocturnal enuresis (F98.0), daytime urinary incontinece (N39.4) or fecal incontinence (F98.1)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Children who suffer from diseases that comes along with a impacted sense of smell: e.g. acute inflammatory obstructive diseases (e.g. rhinitis, sinusitis or rhinosinusitis), internal diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction, renal insufficiency), neurological diseases (e.g. epilepsy, craniocerebral trauma), cancer diseases, Sjögren syndrome, children whose cognitive functioning does not permit a reliable olfactory testing (IQ < 70), intake of specific medication such as calcium antagonists (e.g. Nifedipin, Felodipin, Amlodipin, Dilitiazem), antibiotics, chemotherapeutics (e.g. Methotrexat, Doxycyclin, Terbinafin, D-Penicillamin), beta-blocker, Dihydropyridine, ACE-inhibitors, other mediaction (e.g. Lovastatin, Amitriptylin, Enalapril, Amiodaron), chronic use of vasoconstrictive drugs (e.g. Xylometazolin )
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Quantitative olfactory performance: 1) absolute threshold 2) olfactory discrimination 3) olfactory identification 4) total olfactory performance score Olfactory perceptive sensation: 1) valence 2) intensity Olfactory performance will be assessed at three measure time points: t1 (Baseline), t2 (after 3 months), t3 (after 6 months). The olfactory performance is assessed by the standardized olfactory test battery Sniffin’ Sticks. Subjects accomplish three subtest (threshold, discrimination and identification test). The following parameters are collected: a) absolute threshold score b) discrimination score c) identification score d) total olfactory performance score e) valence score f) intensity score. | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The occurence of (comorbid) psychiatric disorders is assessed by the Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (Kinder-DIPS). Psychopathological and behavioral problems are assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 6-18). Frequency of incontinence symptoms is assessed by the Fragebogen zum Einnässen/Einkoten. If children’s intelligence is unknown it is assessed by using the Reynolds Intellectual Screening Test (RIST). The occurence of (comorbid) psychiatric disorders, the frequency of incontinence symptoms and children's intelligence will be assessed at study begin (t1, Baseline). Psychopathological and behavioral problems will be assessed at three measure time points: t1 (Baseline), t2 (after 3 months), t3 (after 6 months). | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactHannah Mattheus
Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie
Outcome results
None listed