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Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: Chinese adapted variant of Unified Protocol (UP)
Group 2: Treatment-as-usual (TAU)
Sponsors
Mind HK
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: (1) 18-65 years of age; (2) capable of giving informed consent; (3) having, at baseline assessment, a current DSM-IV TR principal diagnosis of mood-related disorders, e.g., unipolar mood disorders, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, hypochondriasis or bipolar disorder with recent depressive episode; (4) being able to understand Cantonese and write Chinese to complete homework assignments; (5) willing to be randomly assigned to either the Chinese adapted variant of UP or TAU groups; and (6) if participants are on medication, the drugs prescribed and their dosage is optimal if it is in a stable state; any changes should be immediately reported to the research team.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: (1) having a current diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence, or a current or manic or hypomanic episode, schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, or mental retardation; (2) presenting psychiatric and medical conditions that are potentially lifethreatening (e.g., strong suicidal tendency), or terminal medical illnesses or those medical conditions severely limiting participation, comprehension or adherence to the treatment (e.g. dementia, pregnancy); (3) receiving structured CBT-based psychological therapy or counselling; and (4) those with active psychotic symptoms in the past two years.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (Lifetime version) (ADIS-IV; DiNardo et al., 1994) were used to assess the presence of diagnosis and severity of clinical symptoms and emotions. ADIS-IV is a semi-structured diagnostic clinical interview focusing on DSM-IV diagnoses including panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, somatoform disorder as well as substance and alcohol use. Clinical Severity Rating (CSR) is rated on a scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 8 (extremely severe symptoms) with a score of 4 or above as passing the clinical level, implying fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for a DSM-IV disorder. Full ADIS-IV-L was administered at the intake which assessed both current and past episode of disorder, while a shortened version with the assessment on the only current episode was administered in the post and 9-month-follow-up. The author was involved in the intake assessment, while all post-treatment assessments were conducted by independent evaluators who are blind to treatment condition allocation. Both clinical psychologists and clinical psychology trainees were invited to volunteer as ADIS interviewers. All ADIS interviewers were trained and examined by rating three assessment videos, when they had to pass 70% or above accuracy rate to be invited to join the study. 2. Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). BDI-II is a widely used measurement for the depressive level. It is a 21-item questionnaire with items of affective, cognitive, behavioural, and somatic symptoms of depression. The cut-off ranges are 0-3, 14-19, 20-28, and 29-63 representing a normal, mild, moderate and severe range of level of depressive symptoms respectively. The BDI-II has strong psychometric properties, with an excellent internal consistency of in psychiatric outpatients (a = .92) and in college stud | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| 1. Cognitive Distortion Questionnaires (Adult Version) (CDQ-A) were modified from the children version (CDQ; Leung & Poon, 2001). For CDQA, 36 items were modified from CDQ. It is a self-report questionnaire; each item contains a vignette describing a negative life event and an automatic negative thought. Participants were asked about how their negative automatic thoughts were similar to theirs on a 5-point Likert scale. Three main types of cognitive distortions are included, namely, personalization, catastrophizing, and external attribution. The automatic negative thoughts were devised around depression and anxiety. For example, vignettes relating to depression recalled events of loss and failure, while vignettes relating to anxiety described events of threat and danger. There are six subscales in CDQA including depressive personalization, depressive catastrophizing, depressive externalization, anxiety personalization, anxiety catastrophizing, and anxiety externalization. Each of the six subscales has six items. 2. A CBT Knowledge Acquisition Questionnaire (CKQ) was developed. For CKQ, there are 22 true-or -false items selected from the true and false items of Unified Protocol Workbook (Barlow, Farchione, Fairholme, Ellard, Boisseau, Allen, & May, 2010). Those 22 items test CBT knowledge of each treatment modules. The items are related to nature of emotion, cognitive theory of emotion, emotion-driven behaviour and so on. Participants are asked to choose either true or false in each statement. Since every item represents a different construct, accurate items are added up as the sum of the score. 3. Reasoning of Mood Disorders (RMD) is developed to measure understanding of the etiology of common mental disorders. Its development references to an instrument called “Reason for Depression”(RFD; Addis, Truax, & Jacobson, 1995). RMD comprised of 15 items which are originally designed from three constructs to perceive the reasoning of suffering from common mental heal | — |
Countries
Hong Kong SAR China
Contacts
Public ContactCandice Ling Yuet Man POWELL
Mind Hong Kong
Outcome results
None listed