Mental stress and disruptions, family health, parental efficacy, school and social competencies of the children, cognitive and socio-emotional child development, aggression of the child, child abuse and neglect, physical aggression and violence against the child, Bullying and victimization of the child.
Conditions
Interventions
Group 1: The follow-up evaluation does not contain any intervention. In the age of 6 to 7 one combined interview with the mother and a developmental test with the child are conducted. Additionally, on
Sponsors
Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Hannover
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
Female
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Participation in the first stage of the Pro Kind evaluation. Resident in Germany. (In the first program stage Pro Kind intervention registered only financially or socially disadvantaged first-time mothers during their 12th to 28th weeks of pregnancy. Financial disadvantage is defined as receipt of social welfare benefits, unemployment compensation, an income that is as low as social welfare benefits, and/or over-indebtedness. The considered social risk factors included, for example, low education, teenage pregnancy, social isolation, violent experiences, and health problems.)
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Insufficient knowledge of German language, without permanent residence permission.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| In the age of 6 to 7 one combined interview with the mother and a developmental test with the child are conducted. Additionally, one telephone interview takes place, the child's teacher is interviewed and administrative data from the Federal Employment Agency and from health insurance companies are requested. The home visiting program has a positive effect on the child’s cognitive development and school performance. -->School performance: Basic diagnostics of Specific Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language at primary school age (BUEGA) -->Cognitive development: BUEGA -->Specific developmental disorders: BUEGA The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s mental health. -->The child’s behavioral problems and emotional disorders: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 6/18 R]), German version The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s life satisfaction. -->General Satisfaction with life: Inventory scale to measure the life quality of children and youths (ILK) The home visits result in improved parenting skills (less inappropriate parenting behavior) -->Dysfunctional parenting: Parenting Scale (PS), German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors -->Non-violent disciplining: Conflict Tactic Scale Child Report (CTS-CR), interview of the children with picture cards. German version: translation by the AMIS group / Conflict Tactic Scale Parent Child (CTS-PC), German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors The home visits reduce or prevent child abuse and the frequency of physical violence. -->“Minor” aggression: CTS-CR and CTS-PC -->“Minor” physical violence: CTS-CR and CTS-PC -->Child abuse: CTS-PC The home visits reduce or prevent child Neglect. ->Physical neglect: Scale of the Multidimensional Neglectful Behavior Scale-Child Report (MNBS), interview of the children with picture cards. German version: translation by the AMIS group. -->Emotional neglect: MNBS -->Cognitive neglect: MNBS -->Supervisory neglect: MNBS Th | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s mental health. -->Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and social behavior disorders (suspected diagnosis): Module from the diagnostic interview of mental disorders in children and youths (Kinder-DIPS) -->Anxiety disorders (suspected diagnosis): Kinder-DIPS -->Affective disorders (suspected diagnosis): Kinder-DIPS The home visits have a positive effect on the child’s socio-emotional development. -->The child’s social skills: Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS), German version: author’s translation -->Aggression: Questionnaire regarding children’s aggressive behavior (FAVK) -->Psychopathy: Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU), German version by Essau The home visits influence the child’s preferences (risk behavior, pro-social behavior and time preference). -->Pro-social behavior: Game for interpersonal allocation decisions -->Risk behavior: Investment decisions in a lottery -->Time preference: Game for temporary allocation decisions The home visits have a positive effect on the mother’s perceived social support. -->Perceived social support:Questionnaire regarding social support (FSOZU-K6) The home visits result in more stable partnerships with less frequent partner change, greater satisfaction with the partnership and less domestic violence in the partnership -->Stability of partnership: Developed by the authors -->Partnership satisfaction: Short form of the Partnership Questionnaire (PFB-K ) Psychological aggression: Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2); German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors [forward-backward] -->Psychological aggression: CTS2 -->Physical violence: CTS2 -->Sexual assault:CTS2 -->Injuries due to assaults by the partner: CTS2 The home visits improve the parental self-efficacy expectations regarding the parenting tasks. -->Parenting self-efficacy: Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC)), German version: target-group-specific adaptation by the authors | — |
Countries
Germany
Contacts
Public ContactSabrina Lauenroth
Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Hannover
Outcome results
None listed