Exercise-related fluid and electrolyte imbalance and exercise-induced fatigue 3.
Conditions
Interventions
Complete-formulation beverage condition:After completing 40 minutes of moderate-intensity cycling exercise, participants consume the complete-formulation electrolyte beverage in a volume equivalent to
Whey-protein-free beverage condition:After completing 40 minutes of moderate-intensity cycling exercise, participants consume the whey-protein-free electrolyte beverage in a volume equivalent to 150%
Sucrose-free beverage condition:After completing 40 minutes of moderate-intensity cycling exercise, participants consume the sucrose-free electrolyte beverage in a volume equivalent to 150% of exercis
Electrolyte-base beverage condition:Intervention:After completing 40 minutes of moderate-intensity cycling exercise, participants consume the electrolyte-base beverage in a volume equivalent to 150% o
Placebo beverage condition:Participants consume 400 mL of the placebo beverage 45 minutes before completing four 30-second all-out Wingate tests, with 4 minutes of recovery between tests.
Carbohydrate and electrolyte beverage condition:Participants consume 400 mL of a carbohydrate and electrolyte beverage 45 minutes before completing four 30-second all-out Wingate tests, with 4 minutes
Carbohydrate, electrolyte, and vitamin C beverage condition:Participants consume 400 mL of a beverage containing carbohydrate, electrolytes, and vitamin C 45 minutes before completing four 30-second a
Carbohydrate, electrolyte, vitamin C, and calcium lactate beverage condition:Participants consume 400 mL of a beverage containing carbohydrate, electrolytes, vitamin C, and calcium
Sponsors
Beijing Beibingyang Food Co., Ltd.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: Substudy 1: Post-exercise recovery in university students 1. Female university students aged 18-24 years; 2. In good general health, without diagnosed cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, renal, or other diseases that may contraindicate exercise; 3. Able to complete 40 minutes of moderate-intensity cycling exercise; 4. No known allergy or intolerance to the study beverages or their ingredients; 5. No recent use of medications or nutritional supplements that may substantially affect fluid balance, electrolyte metabolism, or post-exercise recovery; 6. Able to understand the study procedures, comply with the study requirements, and provide written informed consent voluntarily. Substudy 2: HIIT exercise-performance study 1. Male athletes participating in high-intensity sports or physically active men with experience in high-intensity exercise, aged 18-25 years; 2. In good general health, without diagnosed cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, or other exercise-related contraindications; 3. Familiar with high-intensity exercise and able to complete four 30-second all-out Wingate tests, with 4 minutes of recovery between tests; 4. No known allergy or intolerance to the study beverages or their ingredients; 5. No recent use of medications or nutritional supplements that may substantially affect exercise performance, fatigue responses, or metabolic outcomes; 6. Able to understand the study procedures, comply with the study requirements, and provide written informed consent voluntarily. Substudy 3: Exercise under hypoxic conditions 1. Healthy male volunteers aged 18-40 years; 2. Without diagnosed cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, metabolic, or other diseases that may contraindicate exercise under hypoxic conditions; 3. Able to enter a hypoxic chamber and complete 40 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise under thermoneutral conditions simulating an altitude of 2,500 metres; 4. No history of severe intolerance to hypoxic exposure; 5. No known allergy or intolerance to the study beverages or their ingredients; 6. No recent use of medications or nutritional supplements that may substantially affect oxygen saturation, fluid balance, electrolyte metabolism, or exercise responses; 7. Able to understand the study procedures, comply with the study requirements, and provide written informed consent voluntarily.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: Substudy 1: Post-exercise recovery in university students 1. Cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, renal, neurological, or other diseases that may affect exercise safety or study outcomes; 2. Recent acute illness, fever, significant exercise-related injury, or physical discomfort; 3. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, or possible pregnancy; 4. Allergy or intolerance to sucrose, whey protein, electrolytes, or other ingredients of the study beverages; 5. Recent use of medications or nutritional supplements that may affect fluid balance, electrolyte metabolism, or post-exercise recovery; 6. Failure to comply with pre-trial dietary, fluid-intake, exercise, or sleep requirements, or inability to complete all trial periods; 7. Considered unsuitable for continued participation by the investigators for safety reasons. Substudy 2: HIIT exercise-performance study 1. Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, metabolic, or other contraindications to high-intensity exercise; 2. Recent acute illness, fever, significant musculoskeletal injury, or physical discomfort; 3. Inability to safely complete four 30-second all-out Wingate tests; 4. Allergy or intolerance to the study beverages or their ingredients; 5. Recent use of medications or nutritional supplements that may affect exercise performance, fatigue responses, or metabolic outcomes; 6. Failure to comply with pre-trial dietary, fluid-intake, exercise, or sleep requirements, or inability to complete all cross-over trial periods; 7. An abnormal response meeting the predefined termination criteria, or any condition considered by the investigators to present an unacceptable safety risk. Substudy 3: Exercise under hypoxic conditions 1. Cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, metabolic, or other contraindications to hypoxic exposure or exercise; 2. History of severe intolerance to hypoxia, clinically significant altitude-related symptoms, or exercise intolerance under hypoxic conditions; 3. Recent acute illness, fever, significant exercise-related injury, or physical discomfort; 4. Inability to safely enter the hypoxic chamber or complete 40 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise; 5. Allergy or intolerance to the study beverages or their ingredients; 6. Recent use of medications or nutritional supplements that may affect oxygen saturation, heart rate, fluid balance, electrolyte metabolism, or exercise responses; 7. An abnormal decrease in oxygen saturation, marked chest tightness, breathing difficulty, dizziness, nausea, or another response meeting the predefined termination criteria during the trial; 8. Considered unsuitable for continued participation by the investigators for safety reasons.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Change in blood glucose level;Changes in blood lactate levels;Urine specific gravity;3-MH;HPLC after sample storage; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| HRV;Body weight; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactHuang Xing
Capital University of Physical Education and Sports
Outcome results
None listed