None listed
Conditions
Interventions
Sponsors
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Rotated in the Department of Anesthesiology during the study period and participated in the department-mandated simulation training for ultrasound-guided central venous puncture; 2. Completed theoretical lectures, instructor demonstrations, model-based practice, and the final OSCE assessment at the conclusion of the training; 3. At least the following core data were retrievable from the teaching records: training dates, group assignment (exposure) information, final OSCE scores or video recordings available for reassessment, as well as baseline characteristics including age, sex, education level, standardized residency training year, and prior experience with ultrasound or central venous puncture;
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Failure to complete the mandated simulation training and final assessment during the rotation due to sick leave, personal leave, transfer, or any other reason. 2. Possession of more than six months of independent experience in ultrasound-guided central venous puncture before entering the department, or prior independent completion of =20 ultrasound-guided central venous puncture procedures, and therefore not meeting the criteria for novice trainees. 3. Cross-group exposure that precluded determination of the primary training modality, for example, receipt of systematic AI supplementary training after conventional teaching without separable assessment records. 4. Complete absence of the primary outcome data, with no video recordings or other materials available for blinded re-assessment.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) score; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University