Type 2 diabetes
Conditions
Interventions
Continue SGLT2i group:None
Switch to other antihyperglycemic drugs group:None
Sponsors
The Third Affiliated Hosptial of ChongQing Medical University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 100 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. We enrolled patients who visited our hospital from Jan 1, 2016 to Jun 30, 2025, with ketosis and/or ketoacidosis after SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. Diagnosis followed the 2024 ADA/EASD consensus: (1) ketosis defined as venous/capillary ß-hydroxybutyrate >=0.6 mmol/L or urine ketones >=2+; 2. DKA defined as ketosis plus metabolic acidosis (pH <7.35 and/or HCO3? <18 mmol/L).
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. type 1 diabetes mellitus; 2. pregnancy-related ketosis; 3. ketosis or ketoacidosis attributable to causes other than SGLT2 inhibitor use, including alcohol intoxication, severe starvation, or hyperglycemia (plasma glucose =16.7 mmol/L) at the time of ketosis/ketoacidosis onset; 4. loss to follow-up, or absence of repeated urine or blood ketone measurements, or lack of subsequent medication records during follow-up; 5. presence of concurrent severe complications (e.g., acute pancreatitis, liver failure).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Urinary ketone;bicarbonate ion concentration in blood gas analysis;Serum ß-hydroxybutyrate;PH; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| estimated glomerular filtration rate;serum creatinine;Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactLian Duan
The Third Affiliated Hosptial of ChongQing Medical University
Outcome results
None listed