Postoperative rebound pain
Conditions
Interventions
Control group:0.375% ropivacaine 30 mL for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block
Experimental group:0.375% ropivacaine 30 mL + 0.3 mg/kg esketamine for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block
Sponsors
Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 80 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Scheduled for hand or forearm surgery; 2. Age 18–80 years, either sex; 3. ASA I–III; 4. Elective surgery; 5. Signed informed consent; 6. Able to complete assessments and follow-up.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Contraindications to nerve block; 2. Chronic pain or long-term analgesic/sedative use; 3. Neurological, psychiatric, seizure, or neuromuscular disease; 4. BMI <18.5 or =30 kg/m²; 5. Multiple injuries requiring additional surgery or analgesia; 6. Pre-existing nerve injury; 7. Allergy to ropivacaine, esketamine, or opioids; 8. Hypertension; 9. Refusal of postoperative analgesics; 10. Severe hepatic insufficiency, glaucoma, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, or cerebrovascular accident; 11. Unable to complete scale assessments; 12. Preoperative hypoxemia; 13. Participation in another drug trial within 30 days.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Incidence of rebound pain within 24 hours postoperatively; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Highest postoperative NRS pain score;Onset time of sensory block;Onset time of motor block;Duration of sensory block;Duration of motor block;HADS score;Rescue analgesic consumption;Patient satisfaction with analgesia;Adverse events; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactCongjie Bi
Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology (Dalian Municipal Central Hospital)
Outcome results
None listed