Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,Diabetic Retinopathy
Conditions
Interventions
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Group:None
Severe Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Group:None
Moderate Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Group:None
Mild Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Group:None
No Apparent Diabetic Retinopathy Group:None
Sponsors
Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1.Age >=18 years; 2.A confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); 3.Continuous residence in the local area for at least 6 months; 4.Ability and willingness to comply with the required examinations and long-term follow-up;
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1.Presence of atrial fibrillation, severe cardiac arrhythmias, or implantation of a cardiac pacemaker; 2.Recent acute myocardial infarction or severe heart failure; 3.Current use of medications that may affect heart rate variability (HRV), such as ß-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs, or related agents; 4.Presence of other ocular diseases that may interfere with fundus examination results, including age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, or advanced glaucoma; 5.High myopia or an axial length greater than 26.5 mm; 6.Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); 7.History of retinal laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, or pars plana vitrectomy; 8.Presence of severe systemic diseases, including advanced renal insufficiency, malignant tumors, or acute infections; 9.Fundus images that are not interpretable due to severe cataract, corneal opacity, or other media opacities; 10.Inability to comply with the follow-up schedule;
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Continuous glucose monitoring parameters;Heart rate variability parameters;Fundus photography and diabetic retinopathy grading;OCT and OCTA parameters; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Intraocular pressure;Vital signs;Peripheral nerve function;Axial length;Demographic and clinical characteristics;Electrocardiogram findings;Laboratory parameters;Slit-lamp and fundus examination findings;Visual acuity;Eye movement parameters;Physical examination;Visual field parameters;Cognitive function; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactYunhai Tu
Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
Outcome results
None listed