Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Conditions
Interventions
Group-based NFPP intervention group:Parents in the intervention group will receive an 8-week group-based New Forest Parenting Programme (NFPP). The program will consist of one session per week for 8 w
Treatment- As-Usual control group:Families in the control group may continue to receive their usual services during the study period, including outpatient follow-up, medication treatment, school suppo
Sponsors
City University of Macau
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. The parent is aged 18 years or above, can read and understand Chinese, and is able to complete questionnaires and related study materials independently. 2. The parent is the primary caregiver of a child aged 3–9 years with ADHD, lives with the child, and takes major responsibility for daily care and parenting. 3. The child meets DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD, confirmed by a psychiatrist, child psychiatrist, developmental-behavioral pediatrician, pediatric neurologist, or other qualified clinician, or has previous valid diagnostic documentation. 4. The child currently presents clinically relevant ADHD symptoms or functional impairment, for example, reaching the predefined threshold on a parent-report rating scale, or being judged by clinical professionals as having significant inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional symptoms, or related functional impairment. 5. The parent is willing to participate in the 8-week group-based NFPP and complete baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up assessments. 6. The parent provides informed consent and agrees to complete questionnaires, intervention records, and related data collection procedures as required by the study. 7. For parents participating in the biological stress indicator assessment, they must be willing to provide salivary and hair samples according to study instructions. Parents who are unwilling to provide biological samples may decline this exploratory biomarker component without affecting their participation in the main questionnaire assessment and intervention study.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. The parent is currently in the acute phase of a severe mental disorder, or has severe cognitive impairment or serious physical illness that may interfere with participation in group sessions, understanding of the study, or completion of questionnaires. 2. The child has severe intellectual disability, severe language comprehension difficulties, severe neurological disease, or other major medical or safety issues requiring priority intervention. 3. The child or parent has received NFPP or other systematic ADHD parent training programs within the past 6 months. 4. The child is expected to begin intensive new behavioral intervention, inpatient treatment, or other systematic intervention during the study period that may substantially interfere with study outcomes. 5. The family is judged by the research team to be unsuitable for group participation, such as severe family crisis, ongoing risk of domestic violence, child safety concerns, or other conditions that may affect research safety or intervention delivery. 6. The parent is unable to ensure basic attendance and is expected to have difficulty completing the 8-week program or key assessments. 7. For salivary and hair cortisol analyses, parents with conditions that may substantially affect cortisol levels, such as current systemic glucocorticoid use, known severe endocrine disorders, or recent treatments that may affect HPA-axis function, will be excluded from the biological stress indicator analyses. This will not necessarily exclude them from the questionnaire and intervention components of the study. 8. If, on the day of saliva sampling, the parent has fever, acute infection, oral bleeding, severe oral ulceration, recent use of oral steroid medication, or fails to follow sampling instructions, the corresponding sample may be considered invalid or used only in sensitivity analyses.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF); | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Chinese version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (C-PSOC);PHQ-9;GAD-7;Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire(PSDQ);Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, Fourth Edition(SNAP-IV) ;Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ); | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactZhao, YaNan
City University of Macau
Outcome results
None listed