Chronic Schizophrenia
Conditions
Interventions
Sham stimulation group:sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy
Active stimulation group:repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
Sponsors
The Third Hospital of Jinjiang
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Met the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 2. Disease duration of no less than 2 years with stable clinical condition and no acute exacerbations in the preceding 3 months. 3. A score of >= 20 on the PANSS Negative Subscale. 4. Aged 18 to 65 years. 5. Able to cooperate with scale assessments, electroencephalography examinations and rTMS treatment. 6. Voluntary participation with written informed consent obtained from both patients and their family members.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. Presence of severe physical illnesses (e.g., cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver or renal failure) or neurological disorders. 2. Intellectual disability or severe hearing/visual impairment. 3. Severe impulsive or violent behaviors that interfere with treatment cooperation. 4. Alcohol or psychoactive substance dependence. 5. Absolute contraindications to rTMS: intracranial or implanted metallic devices (e.g., aneurysm clips, cochlear implants, deep brain stimulators); cardiac pacemakers; personal or first-degree family history of epilepsy; confirmed or suspected pregnancy; severe craniocerebral trauma or prior intracranial surgery. 6. Received rTMS treatment within the past 6 months. 7. Worsening clinical condition requiring medication adjustment or transfer to the acute ward during the intervention period. Such cases were recorded as dropouts but retained in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS); | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S);Safety indicators: Recording of adverse events;17-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA-17);Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS);Electroencephalographic event-related potential data (MMN and P300);Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I);Intrinsic Motivation Inventory-Short Revised (IMI-SR);24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24); | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactJiaren Zheng
The Third Hospital of Jinjiang
Outcome results
None listed