Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Conditions
Interventions
Control Group:None
Computational Training:Working Memory Training Group:Working Memory Training
Computer Training: Inhibitory Control Training Group:Inhibitory Control Training
Computer Training: Cognitive Flexibility Training Group:Cognitive Flexibility Training
Neuromodulation Group:HD- tDCS intervention
real group:Sham stimulation intervention
Sponsors
Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
7 Years to 15 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Chinese Language / Mathematics Learning Difficulties: Children with Chinese language and/or mathematics learning difficulties were identified through clinical diagnosis combined with standardized testing, and may also present with comorbid ADHD symptoms. 2. ADHD: Children diagnosed with ADHD by pediatric outpatient physicians in accordance with internationally recognized diagnostic criteria were recruited for this study. 3. Motor Learning Difficulties: Clinical diagnosis is based on integrating the DSM-5 criteria for Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Children are identified using standardized assessment tools for motor skill development, selecting those within a peer group who demonstrate significant motor development delay (scoring at or below the 15th percentile) and whose difficulties impact daily activities. 4. Age: Elementary school students aged 7-15.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. It was confirmed that the learning difficulties were not attributable to inadequate instruction, frequent absenteeism, or language barriers (e.g., non-native language instruction). 2. Children with intellectual disability (typically defined as IQ = 70) were excluded to confirm a mismatch between learning difficulties and intellectual level, using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). 3. Children with physiological conditions such as hearing or vision impairments, brain injuries, or chronic illnesses were excluded.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| A computer cognitive test of executive function; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Standardized tests for Chinese, mathematics and reasoning;MRI related inditors;Parent Questionnaire Assessment; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactXiaoli Liu
Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University
Outcome results
None listed