School Refusal in Adolescents
Conditions
Interventions
Treatment Group:Subjects received tACS treatment. During electrical stimulation, electrode placement was determined using the international 10-20 electroencephalography (EEG) electrode placement syste
Sponsors
The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
13 Years to 17 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Age: 13 to 17 years old, with at least 6 years of education; 2. Han ethnicity, right-handed; 3. Normal uncorrected or corrected visual acuity in both eyes; 4. Presence of any one of the school refusal manifestations for more than 1 month: (1) Complete school absence for >=1 month; (2) Attending school but leaving the campus or being absent from specific courses during the school day; (3) Chronic lateness to school; (4) Attending school but exhibiting intense morning maladaptive behaviors (e.g., temper outbursts or refusing to leave home) resulting in absenteeism; (5) Displaying unusual distress at school and thus requesting to discontinue schooling from parents or others; 5. School refusal behavior that persists for at least 2 weeks, or for a shorter duration but severely impairs the daily family functioning; 6. The subject or their family member signs the informed consent form.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. A history of severe somatic or cerebral organic diseases; 2. Inability to attend school caused by physical illnesses; 3. School withdrawal resulting from parents intentionally keeping their children out of school; 4. Inability to attend school due to family or social constraints on the child’s life (e.g., homelessness or avoidance of abuse); 5. Inability to attend school caused by psychiatric disorders or other difficulties, including academic failure, learning disabilities, schizophrenia, developmental disorders, substance abuse and lack of motivation; 6. Inability to attend school due to complex family dysfunction (e.g., extreme pessimism and inadequate parental supervision); 7. Inability to attend school resulting from verbal or physical threats or a poor academic atmosphere at school, including bullying, teacher-student conflicts, neglect of students’ curriculum requirements or other illegal issues; 8. Presence of metallic implants in the body (e.g., cardiac pacemakers); 9. Any other circumstances deemed inappropriate for study participation by the investigators.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Assess the degree and causes of school weariness;Spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity among brain networks; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Evaluate the severity of anxiety symptoms and the efficacy of interventions;Quantify the severity of depressive symptoms and the improvement after treatment; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactJu Haiyan
The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Outcome results
None listed