Adolescent emotional disorders with non-suicidal self-injury
Conditions
Interventions
Active rTMS + Medication Group :Received rTMS combined with routine pharmacotherapy. rTMS was delivered using a sequential bilateral DLPFC protocol: high frequency stimulation over the left DLPFC (10
Sham rTMS + Medication Group:Received sham rTMS combined with routine pharmacotherapy. The procedure, coil placement, treatment duration and frequency were identical to the active rTMS group, but a pl
Medication Only Group:Received no rTMS intervention, only standardized pharmacotherapy and routine clinical follow?up.
Sponsors
The Third Hospital of Jinjiang
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
All
Age
12 Years to 18 Years
Inclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: 1. Aged 12–18 years, with no gender restriction; 2. Meet the diagnostic criteria for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), with at least one definite NSSI episode in the past 3 months without suicidal intent; 3. Total score of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) is higher than the cutoff value of the Chinese adolescent norm, indicating significant emotion regulation difficulties; 4. Medication status: - For participants already taking psychotropic medications before enrollment, a stable dosage for >=4 weeks is required, with no changes in medication type or dosage during the study to avoid confounding effects on outcomes; - For medication-naïve participants, routine pharmacotherapy will be initiated by clinicians according to the Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Disorders (2025 Edition), with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) as the first-line agents; 5. Participants possess basic ability to understand and cooperate; their legal guardians have been fully informed of the study purpose, procedures, potential benefits and risks, and have voluntarily provided written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria: 1. History of epilepsy, organic brain disease (e.g., traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, brain tumor, etc.), or epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG), representing contraindications for rTMS treatment; 2. Presence of metallic implants (e.g., skull pins, cardiac stents, etc.), electronic implantable devices (e.g., cardiac pacemakers, deep brain stimulators, etc.), open wounds on the head, or severe dermatological conditions; 3. Previous treatment with rTMS, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), or other neuromodulation therapies; 4. High suicide risk assessed by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS); 5. Comorbid severe physical diseases (e.g., severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal insufficiency), substance abuse/dependence, or unstable psychiatric symptoms including manic episodes or psychotic symptoms, resulting in inability to comply with study procedures; 6. Unable to provide valid informed consent, or expected poor adherence to study follow-up and operational procedures with high risk of dropout.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16-item version, DERS-16;Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) - Self-Injury Items; | — |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-item version, BIS-11;Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-17-item version, HAMA-17;Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24-item version, HAMD-24;Event-related potential data; | — |
Countries
China
Contacts
Public ContactZheng Jiaren
The Third Hospital of Jinjiang,Fujian,China
Outcome results
None listed